The Structure of the Educational Assessment Administration in America -The Development of the educational management policy in Massachusetts-

本研究旨在探讨美国教育评估管理的架构及马萨诸塞州教育管理政策的发展。虽然这项研究在2006年3月31日由科学研究补助金(C)作为一份报告发表，但这份报告的内容是由研究目的、研究计划、研究方法、研究活动和4篇研究论文的摘要构成的。这4篇研究论文的标题和摘要如下：第一章的标题是“1993年马萨诸塞州教育改革法案的制定”。第二章以《马萨诸塞州共同学习改革与约翰·西尔伯的教育改革思想》为题，考察《马萨诸塞州教育改革法》的制定过程和背景。约翰·西尔伯是马萨诸塞州学校委员会主席和标准课程改革者。第三章的题目是《马萨诸塞州教育评估管理的实际情况》。本文以马萨诸塞州全州考试政策和教育评估管理的实际情况为研究对象。第四章的题目是《教育评估管理与废除双语教育运动》。本文旨在探讨马萨诸塞州废除双语教育的运动，重点关注州长、国会和居民的角色。特别注意了2002年11月5日“问题2”投票倡议的进程和背景。

The purpose of this research is to consider the structure of the educational assessment administration in America ; the development of the educational management policy in Massachusetts. Though this research was published as a report by the Grant- in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) on March 31,2006, the contents of this report were constructed with abstracts of research aim, research plan, research method, research activities, and 4 research papers. Each title and abstract of these 4 research papers was as follows ;Title of Chapter 1 is "The Establishment of the Massachusetts Education Reform Act of 1993". This article is to consider the process and background of the establishment of the Massachusetts Education Reform Act.Title of Chapter 2 is "The Reform of Common Core of Learning in Massachusetts and Educational Reform Thoughts of John Silber". John Silber was a chairman of State School Committee and a reformer of standard curriculum in Massachusetts.Title of Chapter 3 is "The Actual Conditions of the Educational Assessment Administration in Massachusetts". This article is to consider the actual conditions of the state-wide test policy and the educational assessment administration in Massachusetts.Title of Chapter 4 is "The Educational Assessment Administration and the Movement to Abolish Bilingual Education". This article is to consider the movement to abolish bilingual education in Massachusetts, with a focus on the roles of the state governor, congress and inhabitants. Especially, attention is given the process and background of the November5, 2002 ‘Question 2' ballot initiative.