The Caryapada Manuscript and the Oral Tradition in South Asia

用东印度-雅利安方言的早期形式写成的文本，如孟加拉语，保存在位于南亚边缘的加德满都山谷。最重要的是，包含在Caryapada和Hevajratantra中的一些Apabhransa和Old Bengali歌曲已经由Newari金刚乘佛教的僧侣世代流传下来，现在仍然作为仪式伴奏表演，称为Caca。在这个项目中，一位流传可可歌曲的纽瓦里牧师作为线人接受了采访，阐明了手稿与口头传统之间的相互影响以及文本传递的过程。

Texts written in the early forms of the Eastern Indo-Aryan dialects such as Bengali are preserved in the Kathmandu Valley situated at the margin of South Asia. Above all some songs in Apabhransa and Old Bengali contained in the Caryapada and the Hevajratantra have been handed down from generation to generation by the priests of Newari Vajrayana Buddhism and are still performed as ritual accompaniment called ‘caca’. In this project, a Newari priest who hands down the caca songs was interviewed as an informant, and the mutual influences between manuscripts and oral tradition as much as the process of textual transmission were elucidated.