Buddhism and political role of the cult for national and local society in the Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang period China

(1)在我目前的研究中，首先是关于唐末有重要影响的宦官的政治走向。近年来，西安、洛阳等地陆续发现了唐代太监墓志铭，史料陆续出版。在信息收集和数据输入的过程中，我对太监题词的表达方式进行了研究。结果，我发现有很多原创词汇。所以我收集并比较了这些例子。2010年7月，我发表了一篇题为《太监墓志铭的修辞特征》的文章。建军制是唐代宦官权力扩张的重要制度之一。实际上，在唐朝，建军被派往地方政府，并向皇帝报告情况。这样一来，建军就与高官的人事有了联系。虽然关于太监原器的文献还不够多，但在中国西安周边地区发现了大量唐代太监墓志铭。因此，我们能够分析墓志铭的文本。在这次演讲中，我用后来成为建军师的人的墓志铭来研究墓志铭的表达特点，建军师是建军的最高机关。我也提到过内库太监一直控制着天皇的金库。有人指出，太监通过控制内库，参与了中央政府的财政活动。我研究了内库的变化及其作用，并通过控制内库来确保皇帝在中央财政活动中的权力扩张。(2)二是利用北朝、隋唐时期山东、山西的碑文考考资料进行的研究。最早有大量北魏后期至隋代的佛教铭文，是20世纪80年代以后在山东发现的。清河翠氏族贵族与北朝后期鲁东地区的佛教石像活动有着密切的关系。分析其活动，研究北朝后期贵族对地方社会的影响。此外，我还做了一个关于青州周边佛教石像背景的研究。北朝时期，崔氏家族对家乡社会有着重要的影响和政治力量。据说，由于崔氏家族的影响和政治力量，在山东东部，尤其是青州，制作石像的活动变得活跃起来。换句话说。鲁东地区佛教石像的减少与崔氏有关。其次，在山西东南部的秦县发现了大量的佛教石像“南泥水石像”。最多的是由雕像的石头堆积起来的雕像塔。从这一事实，我们就会明白，陕西和甘肃的关系是密切的。同时还发现了“520年石像碑”的铭文。事实证明，当时有大量的武威人移民到涅水。北朝时，山西东南部有一群叫“山虎”“吉虎”的人。我将对这个群体的确切特征进行研究，并在今年公布结果。(3)第三，在北京国家图书馆，我在收集地方文献记载的北朝、隋朝、唐代的佛教石像资料时，在清顺治年间的长治市地方文献中发现，有一篇文章显示武则天皇帝赠予人佛物，这一年还发现了一座佛塔和一座石碑。直到现在，整个纪念碑的铭文都被保留了下来。通过对这些文章的分析，既可以厘清武则天皇帝对佛教的政策，也可以分析当地社会在接收这些佛物后的走向。目前我正在写一篇关于它的论文。少

(1) Among my studies at present, the first is on the political trend of the eunuch who had important influence in the latter period of Tang Dynasty. Recently, some epitaphs of the eunuch in Tang Dynasty are discovered and the historical materials are published continuously in Xi' an and Luo yang, etc. During the process of information's collection and data's input, I made researches about the expression of the eunuch's inscription. As a result, I found there were numbers of original words. So I had collected and compared the examples. In July 2010, I presented an article titled "The Rhetorical Characteristic of The Eunuch's Epitaphs". In the past Jianjun System, which was one of the systems that contributed to the power's expansion of the eunuch in Tang Dynasty. Actually in Tang Dynasty, Jianjun were sent to local governments and reported the situation to the emperor. In this way, Jianjun would have connection with the personnel affairs of senior officials. Though there are not enough … More documents on the eunuch's original organ, a lot of epitaphs of the eunuch in Tang Dynasty were discovered around Xi' an in China. Thus we are able to analyze the text of the epitaphs. In this presentation, I researched the characteristic of the epitaphs' expression by using the epitaphs of the people who later became Jianjunshi, the top of Jianjun's organ. And also I mentioned Neiku that the eunuch had been controlling the emperor's own vault. It was pointed out that the eunuch took part in financial activities of the central government through controlling Neiku. I studied change of Neiku and its role, and made sure emperor's power expansion in financial activities of the central government by controlling Neiku.(2) The second is the study that I made use of information gained from inscription's examination in Shandong Province and Shanxi Province in the Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang. At first, there were many Buddhistic inscriptions made from latter period of Beiwei Dynasty to Sui Dynasty, and they were discovered after 1980s in Shandong Province. The noble family of Qinghe cui clan had relationship with Buddhistic stone statues activities in the east of Shandong Province in latter period of Northern Dynasties. I analyzed their activities and studied noble families' influence on local society in latter period of Northern Dynasties. What's more, I had done a study concerning the background of Buddhistic stone statues around Qingzhou. In period of Northern Dynasties, Cui clan had a significant influence and political power on the hometown's society. It is said that because of the influence and political power of Cui clans', the activities of making stone statues became active in the east of Shandong Province, especially in Qingzhou. In other words. the decrease of Buddhistic stone statues in the east of Shandong Province had something with Cui clan'. Secondly, there is a large number of Buddhistic stone statues "Nannieshui stone statues" were discovered in Qin county in the south-east of Shanxi Province. The most are statue's towers piled up by statue's stones. From this fact, we will understand that the relationship between Shaanxi and Gansu was close. The inscriptions on "Stone statue monument in 520" was also discovered at the same time. It is proved that there were lots of people from Wuwei emigrating to Nieshui. In the Northern Dynasties, a group called "Shanhu""Jihu" existing in the south-east of Shanxi Province. I will do the study on the group's exact character and show the result this year.(3) Thirdly, in the national library of Beijing, when I collected the material of Buddhistic stone statues of the Northern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty written in local documents, I discovered in Changzhi City's local document during Emperor Shunzhi's Period of Qing Dynasty, there was an article showing that the Emperor Wu Zetian gave Buddhistic relic to somebody, In this year there was one discovery that a Buddhistic tower and a stone monument were built up, until now the whole inscription of the monument is left. By analyzing these articles, I can not only clarify a policy of Emperor Wu Zetian's on Buddhism, but also can analyze the trend of local societies after they received those Buddhistic relic. At present I am writing a paper on it. Less