International Comparative Analysis of Regional Capabilities and Evolution of R & D Networks of Kansai Biocluster

与欧美先进地区相比，日本的生物集群受到批评，因为它们往往具有较低的区域能力，无法将成果商业化，并从研究机构的前沿研究中获得业务。本研究项目的主要目的就是探讨这一问题，主要是对关西生物群的案例和数据进行比较分析。通过对2000年代组织间R & D网络的纵向分析，我们发现，主要的大学和研究机构在集群中占据中心枢纽地位。然而，从国际比较来看，即使在关西生物群中，国家政府在产学联盟方面的主动性也比美国和欧洲主要国家强，但在主要大学/大企业和地区中小企业（特别是风险企业）之间的横向关系方面，国家政府的主动性也比美国和欧洲主要国家强。这表明，主要研究机构之间可能没有向中小企业进行积极的知识转移。

Compared to advanced areas in Europe and United States, bioclusters in Japan are criticized in a way that they tend to have low regional capabilities to commercializeoutcomes and make business from frontier research in research institutes within them. The main aim of this research project is to discuss this issue, mainly comparative analysis of cases and data in the Kansai Biocluster. Based on longitudinal analysis of interorganizational R & D networks in 2000’s, we found that main universities and research institutes took central hubs within the cluster, using join-patent data. However, based on international comparison, even in the Kansai Biocluster, the national government takes relatively stronger initiative in industry-academia alliances than the United States and main European countries, but horizontal relationships among main university / large corporations and regional small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs), especially ventures. It suggests that there may not be active knowledge transfer among main research institutes to SMEs.