Basic Research on the Production and Sale of Agricultural Products under the "Club System"

起源于澳大利亚的粉红女士系统、开创了引进新苹果品种的新途径。除了植物品种持有权(PVR)外，新品种正在被注册商标，PVR和商标持有者的权利受到这些权利持有者所属的“俱乐部”的保护。这样一家俱乐部的主要目标之一是保持溢价。在日本，Hirosaki农产品批发市场株式会社(Hiroka)已经推出了类似于俱乐部的东西。Hiroka已经获得了对一些新品种的独家控制权，并向有限数量的种植者发放了生产这些品种的许可。尽管全球范围内的综艺“管理”时代可以说已经到来，但日本苹果业将如何应对，还有待观察。

The Pink Lady System、 which originated in Australia, has pioneered a new approach to the introduction of new apple varieties. In addition to plant variety holder rights (PVR), new varieties are being trademarked, with the rights of PVR and trademark holders protected by a “club” to which these rights holders belong. One of the major goals of such a club is to maintain premium prices. In Japan, something similar to a “club” has been introduced by the Hirosaki Wholesale Produce Market, Ltd (Hiroka). Hiroka has obtained exclusive control over a number of new varieties and has issued permission to a limited number of growers to produce them. Although a worldwide era of variety “management” can be said to have arrived, it remains to be seen how the Japanese apple industry will respond.