A study of practical and effective psychological supports between the early stage after the disaster and the revival stage in the Great East Japan Earthquake

本研究旨在探讨日本及其他国家在灾后初期至灾后重建阶段灾民的心理需求，以厘清与灾区灾民及社区合作时实际有效的心理支援。本研究进行了定性研究，10位居住在临时住房并同意参与本研究的老年人参与了本研究。为了揭示受生活焦虑、无助感、损害程度（在东日本地震的整个经历中）影响的心理状态变化，研究者在采访中问了他们一些问题，如年龄、家庭结构、损害程度、住在临时住房和心理状态的变化。他们还被要求画一条线来显示他们的感受在地震经历中是如何变化的。结果表明，影响他们精神状况的因素是家人的死亡、房屋的倒塌、对生活的焦虑、流行病的变化和人际关系。根据对精神状况变化的调查，在适当时期继续提供护理，支助受害者的困难，如对生活和职业的焦虑，以及帮助受害者脱离与区域社区合作的任何支助的精神护理，被认为对受害者很重要。

This study aimed to examine psychological needs of disaster victims in both Japan andother countries, at a period between early stage after disaster and revival stage, and to clarify practical and effective psychological supports cooperating with victims and communities at damaged areas. This study conducted a qualitative research, and 10 elder participants who live in temporary housings and have agreed to take part in this research participated in this study. In order to reveal mental status changes which are influenced by anxiety for livings, senses of helpless, levels of damages (throughout experiences of the East Japan Earthquakes), the researcher asked them some questions such as ages, family structures, levels of damage, livings in temporary housings and changes of mental status in the interview . And also they were asked to draw a line to show how their feelings have shifted throughout the experiences of the earthquakes. As a result, it was shown that the factors which had influences on their mental status were the death of their families, the collapses of their houses, the anxieties over their livings, the changes of epidemics and the human relationships. According to the investigation of the mental status changes, continual care at appropriate periods, supports for victims’ difficulties such as anxieties over livings and occupations, and mental care to help victims to separate from any supports in cooperation with regional communities were considered to be significant for victims.