Exploring collective dynamics using an audio-visualization technique

这项研究使用视听技术来探索体育活动中发生的收集动态背后的一个简单原理。我们重点介绍了TAG游戏和日本武术剑道，作为人际竞争的例子，并将足球比赛作为团队比赛的例子。在剑道中，每个参赛者的人际距离和前进和后退的速度被作为集体变量进行测量。这些变量使用带有听觉信号的点光显示器进行可视化，并在心理学实验中检验了区分技能水平的可能性。此外，对数据进行了相对相位分析，在关键人际距离处，TAG和剑道都显示出在同相和反相同步之间的突然切换。在足球比赛中，通过调整由每个球员的高斯分布定义的压力场来刻画两支竞技球队之间的边界。这一边界能够表达进攻的机会和比赛的势头。

This research used an audio-visualization technique to explore a simple principle underlying thecollective dynamics occurring during sports activities. We focused on the game of tag and on the Japanese martial art of kendo as examples of interpersonal competition and on football games as an example of team competition. In kendo, the interpersonal distance and velocity of stepping away andforward were measured for each competitor as collective variables. These variables were visualized using a point-light display with auditory signals, and the possibility of discriminating between skill levels was examined in psychological experiments. Additionally, relative phase analysis was applied to the data, and abrupt switching between in- and anti-phase synchronization at a critical interpersonal distance was shown in both tag and kendo. In football games, the boundary between two competitive teams was depicted by adapting the pressure fields defined by the Gaussian distributions for each player. This boundary was able express the chance of attack and the game momentum.