Molecular genetics of heterosis of the plant`s earliest stage, the embryo, using the large-seeded faba bean as model

将分析发育和成熟的单粒种子的杂种优势。种子在播种和成为“粮食产量”时是决定性的。种子有它自己的遗传学：然而，Xenia效应大多被忽略了：Xenia，种子的基因对其自身性状的直接影响。种子表现出杂种优势，但可获得的实验数据很少。种子大小的杂种优势是由亲本种子大小基因引起的吗？它是由许多基因引起的，因此与绿色植物的产量杂种优势相似吗？将检验两个假设：(1)杂交种子变得比近交系种子大：种子的全基因组杂合性对其生长有明显的影响，种子有自己的杂种优势；(2)如果正在生长的种子是杂合子，植物的产量就会更高。计划在几个环境中采用正交交配设计进行田间试验，包括应力处理。现有的先决条件是：一种对本研究非常方便的作物(蚕豆)，单独检测一个果实内竞争的自交和杂交种子的系统，种子大小基因相反的近等基因授粉者，花粉不育系和杂交种，在标记相似性和绿色植物杂种优势方面存在已知差异的自交系(来自多环境田间试验)。

Heterosis of developing and mature single seeds will be analyzed. The seed is decisive at sowing and when becoming 'grain yield'. The seed has its own genetics: yet, xenia effects are mostly neglected: xenia, the direct impact of the seed's genotype on its own traits. Seeds show heterosis, but only very few experimental data are available. Is heterosis of seed size specific, caused by the parental seed size genes? Is it general, caused by many genes, hence similar to the green plant's yield heterosis? Two hypotheses will be tested: (1) Hybrid seeds become larger than inbred seeds: seed's genome-wide heterozygosity has a clear impact on its growth, the seed has its own heterosis; (2) Yield of a plant is greater if the growing seeds are heterozygous. Field experiments with orthogonal mating designs across several environments including a stress treatment are planned. Available prerequisites are: a crop very convenient for this research (faba bean), systems to individually detect selfed and crossed seeds competing within one fruit, near isogenic pollinators with contrasting genes for seed size, pollensterile lines and hybrids, inbred lines with known differences for marker similarity and for green plant's heterosis (from multi-environment field trials).