Characterization of the hermaphroditic population found in wild Actinidia and their utilization for breeding

对采自日本九州岛温暖太平洋地区的猕猴桃属四倍体植物的特征进行了研究。四倍体植株的形态特征，如果皮的颜色、皮孔等，与红曲霉相似，但在花瓣数、花萼颜色和毛发、果实形状等方面与红曲霉不同。所有四倍体植株只开形态上的两性花。从这些花中采集的花粉萌发率高达40%-61%。四倍体植株通过自花授粉，坐果率达97%以上。自花授粉获得的种子发芽率高达81%。将四倍体植株与四倍体栽培品种杂交，获得了有活力的种子。种子发芽率在65-92%之间。这些结果表明，四倍体猕猴桃植株具有两性和自交的功能，具有作为育种材料的潜力。

Characteristics of the tetraploid plants of Actinidia collected in a warm Pacific region on Kyushu Island, Japan were investigated. Morphological characteristics of tetraploid plants, such as skin color and lenticel of fruit, were similar to those of A. rufa; however, the number of petals, color and hair of calyx, and shape of fruit were distinguished from A. rufa. All the tetraploid plants bore only morphologically hermaphroditic flowers. Pollens collected from these flowers germinated at a high rate of 40-61%. By self-pollination, the flowers of the tetraploid plant set fruit over 97%. The seeds obtained by self-pollination germinated at a high rate of 81%. By the cross between the tetraploid plant and tetraploid cultivars of A. chinensis, viable seeds were obtained. The seeds germinated at 65-92%. These results showed that the tetraploid Actinidia plants are functionally hermaphroditic and self-fruitful, implying a potential as breeding materials.