Study on Academic Degree System on the Base of Evaluation of Competences

这项研究调查了高等教育中免除学生学术课程的特殊学位制度。它比较了欧洲国家的制度，以检查他们的制度在高等教育中所涉及的过程和问题。以能力为基础的学位制度是基于先前学习(APL)的认证，APL评估学生的能力。本研究厘清了这些国家的实际情况和APL的某些特点。我们确定了以下与APL相关的要点：APL比申请高等教育机构(HEI)更重视学习成果，作为免除课程学习的评估因素。APL为IHES带来了某些关键问题，例如确定人们在日常生活中获得的经验性知识和技能与IHES提供的学术技能之间的等价性。欧盟、经济合作与发展组织和联合国教科文组织都有在其成员国推广APL的政策。

This study investigates special academic degree systems that exempt students from academic coursework in higher education. It compares the systems in the European countries to examine the processes and problems that their systems entail within higher education. Competence-based academic degree systems are based on the accreditation of prior learning, APL, which assesses students' competences. This study clarifies the actual situation and certain APL features in the countries. We identified the following APL-related points: APL places greater importance on learning outcomes than on the application to Higher Education Institutes, HEI, as assessment factors for exemption from coursework. APL creates certain crucial problems for IHEs, such as the determination of equivalence between the experiential knowledge and skills that people acquire in daily lives and the academic skills that IHEs offer. EU, OECD, and UNESCO have policies that promote APL in their member countries.