Symptomatology of focal brain injury and diffuse axonal injury, by applying diffuse tensor imaging

在两种类型的脑外伤中，局灶性脑损伤，尤其是眶额皮层损伤，导致对他人面部表情的认知功能障碍，从而导致社会认知功能的缺陷。在弥漫性轴索损伤中，很明显，体积减少倾向于在某些特定的脑区域发现，不仅包括中央结构，如前扣带回皮质和丘脑，而且还包括灰质中的岛叶皮质和白色物质中的胼胝体压部。在认知功能障碍的特点方面，弥漫性轴索损伤组在连线测验和韦氏成人智力量表中的加工速度均明显低于对照组。在冷漠等精神症状方面，两组无显著性差异。

In the two types of traumatic brain injury, focal brain injuries, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex, was found to lead to the dysfunction of the cognition of the facial expression of others, which resulted in the deficit in social cognition. In the diffuse axonal injuries, it became clear that volume reduction tended to be found in some particular brain regions, including not only central structures such as anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus but also insular cortex in the gray matter, and splenium of corpus callosum in the white matter. As to the characteristics in cognitive dysfunction, those with diffuse axonal injury showed significantly lower ability in processing speed found in the trail making test and in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Concerning to the psychiatric symptoms like apathy, there was no significant differences between the two groups.