The wartime unemployment relief in German cities during WW I : the "Social City" under the total war

在德国，第一次世界大战的爆发带来了大规模的失业，因此许多城市都引入了战时失业救济作为解决这一问题的对策。虽然德国政府在战争开始时对这种服务的推广持否定态度，但在1915年，它开始为失业提供补贴，作为战时福利的一部分。但是，失业救济的管理仍然掌握在市政当局和私人慈善机构等城市组织手中。通过对战时城市失业救济的概述和对汉堡的个案研究得出结论：一战时期的“社会城市”继承了19世纪的社会救济制度，发展了适应战时社会状况的失业救济，奠定了魏玛“社会国家”的基础。

In Germany, the outbreak of World War I brought about large-scale unemployment, so that the wartime unemployment relief was introduced into many cities as a countermeasure against the problem. Although the Reich government assumed a negative attitude toward the spread of such service at the beginning of the war, it began to offer subsidies for unemployment as part of the wartime welfare in 1915. However, the administration of unemployment relief was still in the hands of such urban organizations as municipalities and private charities. The study concludes from the overview of the wartime unemployment relief in cities as well as the case study of Hamburg that the "Social City" during World War I laid the foundation of the "Social State" of Weimar by inheriting the system of social relief in the 19th Century and developing the unemployment relief adopted to the social conditions in wartime.