Entwicklung eines Echtzeit 3-D PIV Systems zur Analyse instationärer aerodynamischer Phänomene im Insektenflug

昆虫产生升力和推力的许多非定常三维（3-D）气动机制由于研究昆虫周围空气流场的技术限制而无法得到全面的理解。为了避免研究这些具有高振翼频率和复杂振翼运动学的小动物的气动现象，开发了动态比例机器人模型。这些机器人模型包括开发一种动态缩放的飞蛾“扑翼”1，具有机翼前缘的烟雾释放机制，以及一种动态缩放的果蝇“机器苍蝇”模型，该模型浸入矿物油中，利用气泡种子来实现二维（2- d） PIV，并具有2轴力传感器，将流体动力学与力产生相关联2,3。然而，到目前为止，还没有方法可以绘制出自由飞行的昆虫或动态缩放模型周围的流场，以接近实时的3d方式。在此，我们提出了一个开发实时三维PIV系统的方案，该系统利用彩色滤波器连续地消除整个流场。该项目将开发一个基于2个彩色摄像机的系统，该系统可以在一张图像中捕获整个流场，并通过使用颜色识别单个光片，从而通过流场捕获比目前可用的更快的图像。该系统与已经开发的模型、方法和传感器系统相结合，将能够全面研究非定常气动机制的高度三维流动特性，如“延迟失速”1-5、“尾迹捕获”2-3以及自由飞行昆虫和机器人机翼前后翼相互作用的气动效应6。

Many unsteady, three-dimensional (3-D) aerodynamic mechanisms used by insects to generate lift and thrust evade comprehensive understanding due to limitations in techniques available to investigate the flow field of air around the insect. Dynamic scaled robotic models have been developed to circumvent the problems of investigating aerodynamic phenomena of these small animals, which have high wing beat frequencies and complex wing beat kinematics. These robotic models include the development of a dynamically scaled hawkmoth 'flapper'1, with a smoke release mechanism from the wing's leading edge, and a dynamically scaled 'robofly' model of Drosophila, which was immersed in mineral oil, utilised air bubble seeding to enable two-dimensional (2-D) PIV and had a 2 axis force sensor to correlate fluid dynamics with force production2,3. However, as yet there are no methods available to map the flow field around either a free flying insect or a dynamically scaled model, in near real time 3-D. Here we propose a project to develop a real time 3-D PIV system, which makes use of chromatic filters to continuouusly illiminate the entire flow field. The project will be to develop a system based on 2 color viedo camers that can capture the entire flow field in one image, with individual light sheets identified by the use color to enable more rapid image capture through the flow field than is currently available. This system, in conjunction with models, methods and a sensor system already developed, will enable full inestigation into the highly 3-D flow characteristics of unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms such as 'delayed stall'1-5, 'wake capture'2-3 and aerodynamic effects of fore and hind wing interaction of free flying insects and in robotic wings6.