Cultural Technologies within a Technological Culture. On the Hybrid Construction of Social Life

在文化和社会科学中，当代关于身份的论述主要发生在关于主体死亡的辩论范围内，这种辩论是由二战后对结构主义传统的批判性当代解读开创的，尤其是法国哲学家和社会科学家米歇尔·福柯（Michel Foucault）的相关工作。今天，这种解释在身份社会学中是司空见惯的，是无法规避的。它与反对现代殖民主义的批判性论文的融合和互补性，以及最近公共政策研究所强调的工业化国家的安全利益，都加强了它的重要性。在这场不仅在科学学科领域，而且在国际层面上的和谐声音的音乐会中，人们往往忽略了硬币的另一方面，即：身份的重建。我们提出的这本书引入了这个问题，考虑到“重建”一词不是隐喻性的，而是作为与技术对个人和社会生活的干预有关的操作的集合，用它来制造没有双关语的身份，即身份成为一个实验领域，在那里人们重新参数它的资源，预先定义和预先制造它的限制。如果社会科学毫无疑问将在一段时间内仍然生活在个人和社会的概率理想中，被认为是在其他世界中少数可能的成就，那么对身份实验的反思使前景变得实用。技术仪器被视为现代社会中的一个新文化层，它们的产品作为当前人类消费品在公众中分发，成为今天嵌入我们日常生活的可能性世界的代理人。这些可能性或多或少都是技术语境化的、预定义的、预先导向的、预先注册的。因此，他们的世界不是一个“形而上学的”世界，而是一个有利于身份重建的条件的世界，这成为他们的实验计划。对这些可能性的条件的描述和分析是来自德国、英国、加拿大、法国和美国的各种专家在本书中提出的每一项贡献的第一项。每一篇文章都从其特定的角度提供了对这一主题的思考，这些观点可以根据它们所支持的三个互补的身份分析层面进行区分，即人类学层面、社会心理层面和社会政治层面。

In the cultural and social sciences, the contemporary discourses on identity largely take place within the scope of the debates on the death of the Subject inaugurated by the critical contemporary readings of the structuralist tradition after WW-II, particularly the related work of the French philosopher and social scientist Michel Foucault. Today, this kind of interpretation is a commonplace within the sociology of identity, which is impossible to circumvent. It is reinforced by its convergence and its complementarities with the critical theses againsUnodern colonialism, arid the security stake in the industrialized countries underlines by the recent public policy research. In this concert of harmonised voices not only in the field of the scientific disciplines, but also on an international level, one often misses to consider the other facet of the coin, namely: the rebuilt of identity. The book which we propose introduced this problematics considering the word « rebuilt» not as a metaphorical one, but as an ensemble of operations related to the intervention of technology in the life of the individuals and in society, with which one makes identity without pun, i.e. where the identity becomes a field of experimentations, where one reparameters its resources, pre-defines and prefabricates its limits. If social sciences will undoubtedly live still for a time in the probabilistic ideal of individuals and societies considered as achievements of some few possibles among a world of other ones, the reflexion conducted on the experimentation of identity pragmatises the prospect. The technological instrumentation seen as a new cultural layer within modern societies, and their products distributed in the public as current human consumption goods become today the agents of a world of possibles which are embedded in our daily life. These possibles are more or less technologically contextual\zed, predefined, pre-directed, pre-registered. Thus, their world is not more a "metaphysical" one, but the world of the conditions favouring the rebuilt of identity, which becomes its experimental plan. The description and the analysis of the conditioning of these possibles are the first stake of each contribution presented in this book by various specialists coming from Germany, England, Canada, France and the United States. Each contribution provides a thought on this topic from its particular point of view, which can be differentiated according to three complementary levels of the analysis on identity that they support, namely the anthropological level, the psychosocial and the social-political one.