The Research about Common's Method to Sustainable Use of Environmental Resource

本研究主要探讨利用公共资源管理系统实现可持续资源管理的方法，并以效率、公平性和可持续性为评价标准，分析和评价公共资源管理系统的有效性和意义。我们还试图通过对社区森林和水资源管理的实际公地管理系统的案例研究，比较和显示基于市场的模式和基于中央计划的模式各自的作用，这在早期的研究中并不一定清楚。关于下议院的工作条件，奥斯特龙在她1990年的《治理下议院》一书中提出了以下七项原则。(1)明确界定的边界（2）拨款和供给规则与地方规则的一致性（3）集体选择安排（4）监督（5）分级制裁（6）纠纷解决机制（7）对组织权的最低限度承认。本文以广岛县的社区为例，分析了具有公地的社区的特征，并尝试了区分分析和主成分分析。通过对传统公地的研究，得出了对传统公地长期管理的结论。公共资源的规模和使用者的数量是公共资源的主要条件。公地存在一定的最优规模，使得公地型资源管理不产生交易成本，在本研究之后，我们将尝试将个案研究作为微观研究，这是目前尚无法做到的。从成功案例和失败案例两个方面来研究公地的工作状态是很有必要的。从这些方面的个案研究，我们会发现这些事实：今天的再生的传统公地，今天的机制组成的公地或条件的工作公地资源管理系统。

This research focuses on methods for using Commons-based management systems for attaining sustainable resource management, and attempts to analyze and evaluate its usefulness and significanceusing efficiency, equitability and sustainaability as evaluation standards. We also attempt to compare and show the respective roles of the market-based and central planning-based models, which was not necessarily clear in earlier research, through case studies of actual Commons-based management systems for the management of community forests and water resources.Among these aims, this research concentrated on the working conditions and economic performance of the commons. On the working conditions of the commons, Ostron wrote the following seven principles in her the governing the commons, 1990. (1) Clarity defined boundaries (2) Congruence between appropriation and provision rules and local rules (3) Collective-choice arrangements (4) Monitoring (5) Graduated sanctions (6) Conflict-resolution mechanisms (7) Minimal recognition of rights to organize.We analyzed the characteristics of the community with commons using the date of community in Hiroshima prefecture and tried the distinguish analysis and main element analysis. Through the reseach of the traditional commons, we got concluding remarks for the long enduring management. The scale and the number of users are main conditions for commons resource. There is certain optimal scale on the commons which does not make transaction cost on the commons type resource management.After this research, we will try the case study as micro-research, which could not do at this time. It is necessary for us to research working condition of the commons from both success case and failure case. From these side of case studies, we will find the these fact : today's regeneration of the traditional commons, today's mechanism of making up the commons or conditions of working commons resource management system.