Experimental Studies on Harmonizing Environmental Lighting Conditions for School Children - A Japanese SHOJI Screens Fixed on the Class Room Windows give Effects on Learning Activity and Environmental Conditions

如今，近视儿童的数量逐年增加，从年轻开始稳步增长。引起学龄儿童眼疲劳的环境因素很多，包括电视游戏、计算机辅助教学等（计算机辅助仪器）。日本的教室里，学生们坐在固定的座位上，被迫在室外阳光直射的照明条件下学习，这使得儿童桌面上的光源分布不同。许多学校通常在窗户内安装窗帘或百叶窗，但从未封闭的空间，强烈的阳光直射到桌面上。每个书桌上的照度测量结果为30，000 - 80，000勒克斯或更高，而封闭空间为400- 1，600勒克斯。我们从1988年开始继续进行这些关于学生环境条件、学习桌照明、黑板和学生抱怨的实验研究。本研究的第一步是对天津市5所小学和2所中学的实际情况进行调查 ...更多信息 第二步，我们比较了不同种类的学校建筑材料，如混凝土白色墙或日本柏木板墙。日本柏木板墙比白色混凝土墙与光照条件协调得更好。第三步，我们尝试重新评估日本寿记，由纸浆木45%，羊毛50%和5%的粘合剂制成。我们熟知日本商事屏风的历史、文化作用，日本造纸采用天然纤维“Kozo”、“Mitsumata”或其他天然纤维纯各自或混合浆，其他合成化学纤维混合浆，本实验以脱鳞羊毛纤维50%、纸浆材45%、粘合剂5%混合作为商事纸的原料。古老的欧洲人以羊为生，使用羊毛纤维制成的圣经。它看起来很像一种日本纸，干皮纸纤维。我们参观了岐阜县Molza公司的工厂，山梨县的市川大门造纸公司，学习了各种纤维的日本纸的手工制造过程，或日本Shoji屏幕的工业制造。从1997年开始，我们在东京学芸大学附属小学学习了日本Shoji引入的环境照明条件。本实验结果显示，两个班互相配合，引进日本的屏风比不加屏风的情形，更能协调屏风的光源分布与儿童的感受，我们希望能继续深入研究，开发环境卫生教材，让儿童更好的发展，使环境卫生与儿童身心健康和谐发展。少

Nowadays, the numbers of myopic children increased year by year, steadily, from younger age. There are many environmental factors causing the eye fatigue of school children including TV-Game, CAI (Computer Aid Instrument).School children in a class room in Japan, sit on fixed seats, and are forced to learn under the lighting conditions with direct sun shining from outdoor, which makes different illuminant distribution on children's desktop.Many schools have usually curtains or blinds inside of the windows, but from unclosed spaces, strong sun shines directory into on the desktop.Results of measurement of illuminance on each desk, were 30,000-80,000 lux or more, while closed spaces were 400-1,600 lux.We continued these experimental studies on environmental conditions for school children, lighting on learning desks, black board, and complain of school children since 1988. For the first step of our studies, we investigated the actual conditions of 5 elementary and 2 secondary schools in T … More okyo.For the second step, we have compared different kinds of school building materials, such as concrete white wall or a Japanese ceder board wall. The Japanese ceder board wall harmonized well with illumination conditions than the case of white concrete wall. Studying children evaluated with the kinds of wall materials of Japanese Ceder were better than the concrete white wall.Third step of these studies, we have tried to re-evaluated Japanese Shouji, made of pulpwood 45%, descale wool 50% and 5% binder. We know well historical, cultural roles of Japanese Shoji screen, Japanese paper made of natural fiber "kozo", "mitsumata", or other natural fibers purely each or mixed pulp, other synthetic chemical fibers mixed pulp.In this experiment as materials of shoji paper, we used to de-scaled wool fiber 50% and pulpwood 45%, binder 5% mixed. Old ancient European people living on sheeps, used Bible made of wool fiber. It seemed very similar to a kind of Japanese paper, Ganpi paper fiber. We visited to the factory of Molza Co. in Gifu Prefecture, Ichikawa Daimon paper-manufacturing companies in Yamanashi Prefecture, study hand made manufacturing process of Japanese paper with various kind of fibers, or industrial manufacture of Japanese Shoji screen.From 1997, we had studied the environmental illuminant condition introduced with Japanese Shouji in the elementary school attached to Tokyo Gakugei University. The results of these experiments, 2 classes each other, with introduced Japanese Shoji were harmonaizing illuminant distribution and children feeling for Shoji screen better than nonattached case.We would like to continue advanced studies to develop environmental health teaching materials, for a better development of children, hamoning environmental health with children's mental and physical well. Less