Inheritance of malonylated anthocyanin production and distribution of the pigment in fruit of strawberry cultivars

在果实着色过程中，总花青素浓度呈线性增加，但从开花后第41天开始，果皮色相角度没有变化。在整个水果着色过程中，花青素3-丙二醇葡萄糖苷（Pdg-3MG）的含量约占总花青素的20%。在20个品种中，11个品种出现了Pdg-3MG，其余品种均未出现。不同品种间总花青素含量差异较大，但产pgd - 3mg和缺pgd - 3mg两组间差异不显著。发生或不发生均不影响草莓果实的颜色发育。产Pgd-3MG的自交后代分离到84株产株和25株缺株。然而，当更精确地分析时，可以检测到Pdg-3MG的痕量水平（少于1%的花青素）。‘Nyoho’和‘Darselect’的后代在Pdg-3MG组成中分别为高（bb0 4.4%）：微量（<0.7%）：非，比例为64:8:11和35:10:3。这可能表明草莓丙二酸花青素的产生受两个显性基因控制，即产生大量Pgd-3MG （Pmg-1）和微量水平（Pmg-2）。缺乏Pgd-3MG的品种数量与产量之比，日本品种高于国外品种。在日本品种中，许多从NIVOT Kurume分公司发布的品种，如“Harunoka”，缺乏Pgd-3MG。没有发现Pgd-3MG的出现与水果的实际特征，如糖浓度、成分或颜色之间有任何关系。

In 'Nyoho', the concentration of total anthocyanins increased linearly during fruit coloring, however the hue angle of fruit skin did not change from 41 days after anthesis. The composition of Pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pdg-3MG) was ca.20% of total anthocyanins throughout fruit coloring. Among 20 cultivars examined, Pdg-3MG occurred in 11 and did not in the rest. Although the concentration of total anthocyanins varied much among cultivars, there were no significant difference between two groups of cultivars producing Pdg-3MG and lacking it. The occurrence or absence may not affect color development of strawberry fruits.Selfed progeny of Pgd-3MG producing 'Nyoho' segregated into 84 producing and 25 lacking plants. However, when analyzed more precisely, trace level (less than 1% of anthocyanins) of Pdg-3MG could be detected. Progenies of 'Nyoho' and 'Darselect' segregated into 64 : 8 : 11 and 35 : 10 : 3 for high (>4.4%) : trace (<0.7%) : non in Pdg-3MG composition, respectively. It may indicate that the production of malonylated anthocyanin in strawberry is controlled by two dominant genes those produce much Pgd-3MG (Pmg-1) and trace level (Pmg-2).The ratio in number of cultivars those lacking Pgd-3MG to producing, was higher in Japanese cultivars than in foreign cultivars. Within Japanese cultivars, many of those released from Kurume Branch of NIVOT, such as 'Harunoka', are lacking Pgd-3MG. There could not be found any relationships between the occurrence of Pgd-3MG and practical fruit characteristics, such as sugar concentration, composition or color of fruit.