Evaluation of the Total University System in Japan : A Methodological Study

在这项研究中，我们考察了几种适用于评估日本整体大学制度的方法。主要研究结果如下：1.研究结果。传统的评价方法，如成本效益分析，通常需要一个绩效标尺，如果可能的话，一个量化的标尺。然而，如果我们分析一个高水平的总系统，很难找到一个合适的规模。另一种方法是专家判断。作为个案研究，我们分析了美国出版的一些关于大学制度的优秀出版物。第三种选择是将参与式决策方法应用于评估。在丹麦发展的协商一致会议的方法中，非专业小组在专家小组成员的协助下作出决定或作出评价。四是历史分析。这是一种事后评估。日本大学系统整体评估存在社会需求和可能的供给，但需求较少。我们的结论是，政策促进全面评估的需求是可取的。

In this research, we examined several methods applicable to evaluate the total university system in Japan. The major findings are as follows.1. Traditional evaluation methods such as the cost effectiveness analysis usually requires a scale of the performance if possible a quantitative one. However, it is very difficult to find an appropriate scale if we analyze a high level total system.2. Another method is a expert judgment. We analyzed some excellent publications on a university system published in the U. S. as a case study.3. The third choice is to apply a participatory decision making method to the evaluation. In the method of the consensus conference developed in Denmark, a lay panel makes a decision or a evaluation with the assistance of the expert panel members.4. The fourth is a historical analysis. This is a kind of ex post facto evaluation.5. There would be a social need and a possible supply but less demand for the evaluation of the total university system in Japan.We concluded that the policis to promote a demand for the total evaluation were desirable.