SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT FOR JAPANESE AUTOMAKERS IN NAFTA

(1)日本在20世纪50年代的产业政策是通过加强电子电器、机械等汽车配套产业来培育汽车产业。不幸的是，日本公司受到了严重的商业环境的打击，如20世纪70年代的两次石油危机，70年代至80年代日元的快速升值，自愿出口限制(VER)和形成区域一体化，例如北美自由贸易协定。(2)为了应对这些事件，日本汽车制造商创新和开发了新技术，以减少对投入的需求，并扩大了外国直接投资，以在北美自由贸易协定建立工厂。日本管理层的转移一方面给东道国的管理带来了一些困难。另一方面，它通过质量控制圈提高生产率，降低投入需求，提高生产率，创造新的就业机会，对东道国社区产生了建设性的影响。(3)目前，世界汽车制造商面临着一些更困难的目标，即发展先进的回收和再利用材料技术、智能交通系统(ITS)和燃料电池电动汽车技术。这些目标需要如此巨大的发展投资，以至于任何一家制造商，即使是一家占主导地位的寡头垄断汽车制造商，也很难单独实现其中的任何一项目标。汽车制造商寻求战略联盟或战略合作(继续下一页)来克服任何这些困难。(4)本研究的发现和分析可以为面临更激烈竞争压力的商业世界做出贡献。

(1) Japan's industrial policy in the 1950s was to foster the automobile industry by strengthening the auto supporting industries like the electric ＆ electronics appliances and machinery. Japanese firms, unfortunately, were hit by severe business circumstances such as twice oil crises in the 1970s, rapid appreciation of the yen in the 1970s-1980s, voluntary export restraint (VER) and forming regional integration e.g., NAFTA.(2) Coping with these happenings, Japanese automakers have innovated and developed new technology to reduce demands for inputs and expanded FDI to build their transplants in NAFTA.The transference of the Japanese management brought some difficulties in management in the host country in one hand. On the other hand, it gave constructive impacts on the host communities by improving productivity reducing demands for inputs and improving the productivity through quality control circles, and creating new employment.(3) Now automakers in the world face some more difficult objectives of developing the advanced technology of recycling ＆ reuse materials, the intelligent transport systems (ITS), and the fuel cell electric vehicle technology. These objectives need so huge amount of investment for development that it is rather hard for any manufacturer to accomplish any of those objectives by itself even though it is a dominant oligopolistic automaker. Automakers look for a strategic alliance or strategic(CONTINUE TO NEXT PAGE)collaboration to overcome any of those difficulties.(4) Findings and the analysis of this research can contribute to the business world that is under the pressure of fiercer competition.