MUSSEL WATCH : MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING IN ASIAN WATERS

在本项目中，收集并研究了来自韩国、俄罗斯、中国、香港、菲律宾、越南、马来西亚、柬埔寨、泰国、印度尼西亚和印度的贻贝，以监测持久性有机氯如PCBs、DDTs对海洋的污染（滴滴涕及其代谢物）、氯化胆碱（氯化物）、六氯环己烷有机锡化合物包括六氯环己烷（hexachiorcyclohexanes）和六氯苯（hexachiorobenzene），以及有机锡化合物如三丁基锡（TBT）、二丁基锡（DBT）和单丁基锡（MBT）。还对其中一些国家的沉积物、鱼类、鸟类、小型鲸目动物等进行了取样，并调查了海洋污染情况。虽然化学分析尚未完成，但已取得以下初步结果：贻贝、沉积物和生物样本中的丁基锡和有机氯化合物显示亚洲发展中国家沃茨沿着存在广泛污染。在划船活动和沿海水产养殖设施密集的地点发现了相对较高的三丁基锡化合物浓度，这意味着三丁基锡化合物被用作船体和海洋水产养殖所用防污漆中的生物杀灭剂。贻贝中BT衍生物的组成顺序为TBT> DBT > MBT，表明亚洲沿海存在近代来源。虽然贻贝体内的有机氯农药浓度低于生物技术，但在鸟类和小型鲸目动物等高营养动物体内，氯化碳残留显然占主导地位。在贻贝中发现的大量p，p-DDT残留物表明，亚洲目前将滴滴涕用于公共卫生目的。印度的六氯环己烷和滴滴涕污染明显高于其他亚洲发展中国家。这些结果清楚地表明，在亚太地区的水环境仍然经验的OCs的输入。我们认为，这是第一个全面的报告，在亚洲发展中国家的有毒有机氯和有机锡的海洋污染的监测，使用贻贝作为生物指示剂。

In this project, mussels from South Korea, Russia, China, Hong Kong, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia and India were collected and studied for monitoring marine pollution by persistent organochlorines such as PCBs, DDTs (DDT and its metabolites), CHLs (chlordane compounds), HCHs (hexachiorocyclohexanes) and HCB (hexachiorobenzene), and organotin compounds such as tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT). Sediments, fishes, birds, small cetaceans etc. were also sampled from some of these countries and investigated on the marine pollution. Although chemical analyses am not yet completed, the following tentative results were obtained ;Butyltins (BTs) and organochiorine compounds (Ocs) in mussels, sediments and biological samples revealed widespread contamination along the coastal waters of Asian developing countries. Relatively high concentrations of BTs were found at locations with intensive boating activities and coastal aquaculture facilities, implying the usage of TBT as a biocide in antifouling paints used on boat hulls and in marine aquaculture. The composition of BT derivatives in mussels were in the order of TBT> DBT > MBT, suggestive of the presence of recent sources in Asian coast. While concentrations of Ocs in mussels were less than BTs, CC residues were apparently dominant in higher trophic animals such as birds and small cetaceans. Considerable residues of p,p-DDT found in mussels indicated current usage of DDT for public health purposes in Asia. HCHs and DDTs contamination in India was apparently higher than in other Asian developing countries. These results clearly indicated that the aquatic environment in the Asia-Pacific region still experience Ocs input.We believe that this is a first comprehensive report on the monitoring of marine pollution by toxic organochlorines and organotins in Asian developing countries, using mussels as bioindicators.