Chromosomal characterization of Japano-Chinese plants

在1998-2000年为期三年的资助项目中，我们利用分子细胞遗传学和分子系统学研究了日本和中国常见的某些植物物种的保存和染色体特征。考察了中国吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古紫知区、陕西、甘肃、新疆维吾尔自治区、四川等省的植物生境，调查收集了苔藓植物科、蕨类植物科、菊科、莎草科、百合科、兰科、毛茛科、毛茛科、金毛茛科、松科、沙棘科、蔷薇科、山茶科、唇形科、剑鞘科等科的若干种属，用于自己的研究。首先计算这些物种的染色体数目，然后确定它们的核型。此外，我们还利用荧光原位杂交（FISH）、基因组原位杂交（GISH）、DNA测序等原位杂交技术对这些植物进行了鉴定。在桦木科3个属的木本植物中，我们首次成功地利用5S rDNA标记了某些超小染色体。该方法有望用于分析通常具有超小染色体的木本植物群体。松科植物的多色FISH改良进展迅速。其中以菊花属植物的研究进展最为显著。人工进行不同杂交组合的属间杂交，收获未成熟胚，在组织培养条件下回收，获得用于GISH的杂交植株。因此，在菊花杂交染色体中发现GISH，可以发现染色体片段的体细胞互易位、静息核和雌雄染色体中染色体的可视化和分离等新现象。这些技术可能对染色体的进一步研究有用。在分子系统学中发现了唇形科，并在中日种间表现出非常有趣的种间关系。本项目所收集的植物品种均已建立栽培品系并保存为实验室基地，将对其在日本和中国的植物区系进行深入的遗传调查，明确和论证其系统，成为重要的生物学研究材料。少

During the course of this three-year-grant-project form 1998-2000, we have studied on conservation and chromosomal characterization by molecular cytogenetics and molecular systematics in certain plant species common to Japan and China. We have visited and studied plant habitats in Jilin, Heilongjian, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu and Sichuan Provinces, China and have investigated and collected certain species and genera in the families of bryophytes, pteridophytes, Asteraceae (Compositae), Cyperaceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Ranunclaceae, Butulaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Pinaceae, Saxifragaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae, Labiatae, Scrphulariaceae and so on for own researches. Those species were firstly counted their chromosome numbers and were, then, determined their karyotypes. Furthermore, we characterized those plants by in situ hybridization (ISH) including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), DNA sequencing, and so on. W … More e have successfully, very firstly marked by ISH using 5S rDNA certain super small chromosomes in woody species in three genera of the Betulaceae. This methodology may promise to analyze populations of woody plants which have commonly super small chromosomes. Multi-color FISH improvement in some members of the Pinaceae has been rapidly progressed. The most significant research progress has been made in Chrysanthemum sensu lato. Intergeneric hybridizations in various cross combinations were artificially made and immature embryos were harvested and rescued in tissue culture condition to obtain hybrid plants which were used for GISH.Thus, GISH in chrysanthemum hybrid chromosomes made it possible to discover new phenomena on somatic reciprocal translocations of chromosome segments, visualization and isolation of chromosomes in resting nuclei and arien chromosomes. These technologies may be useful for further investigations of chromosomes. Mosla, the Labiatae has been detected in molecular systematics and showed very interesting interspecific relationships among the Japano-Chinese species. Since all of the plant species collected during the project operation have been established cultivation lines and conserved for laboratory base, they would be investigated deeply, genetically and clarified and justified their systems in flora of Japan and China, and then, they would become important biological research materials. Less