Normative and atypical trajectories of cognitive-emotional development in adolescence

项目摘要 这项建议的首要目标是绘制情绪调节的神经发育轨迹， 健康青少年和情感障碍青少年。调节情绪的能力是 发展任务，并预测许多社会和情感的结果到成年。相反地， 情绪调节发展在情感障碍中受到损害，特别是在有以下病史的年轻人中： 虐待至关重要的是，虐待不仅会增加患情感障碍的风险， 青少年和成年人的疾病严重程度、自杀企图和治疗抵抗力都更大。但没有 研究已经全面和纵向地检查了认知的神经发育轨迹， 情绪控制在典型的发展，也没有这些轨迹是如何在情感障碍的青年中断 不管有没有虐待值得注意的是，初步数据表明，虐待可能是一种独特的 情感障碍的一种亚型，特征是青春期情绪调节能力下降。这 创新的研究计划将1）绘制典型的认知-情感神经发育的轨迹， 发展中（TD）青少年，2）在这些轨迹的特点分歧，在非虐待和虐待 青少年情感障碍（AD，AD+M，分别），和3）确定在多大程度上 随着时间的推移，情绪调节的神经发育轨迹有助于恢复而不是疾病持续。 这个跨学科的研究团队将招募210名10-16岁的青少年（TD，AD，AD+M组70人）， 进行了3次以上的年度评估。在每次评估中，行为和神经指标的认知- 情感控制将在功能磁共振成像中被捕获。在这里，年轻人将完成一个全面的电池验证 任务探索多层次的认知情感功能，包括情感反应，内隐（自动） 情绪调节、外显（自愿）情绪调节和一般执行功能。与之同时 功能磁共振成像，情绪唤起的生理标志物将被测量，包括皮肤电导，皱眉肌 肌电图和瞳孔反应。主要分析将1）检查情绪的神经行为轨迹 2）阐明AD中情绪调节的神经行为轨迹的分歧， AD+M青年，以及3）绘制疾病恢复与情感持续性的神经发育轨迹 混乱的青春这项雄心勃勃的神经发育研究计划有望产生第一个 儿童认知情绪控制的一组纵向和综合的行为和神经标志物 情感障碍此外，它还将探讨虐待的可能性， 情感障碍的亚型总之，这项研究涉及NIMH战略计划的关键领域，包括 (1)表征神经发育轨迹和疾病轨迹的生物标志物，以及（2）识别 这些生物标志物可用于定制治疗和开发新的干预措施。

Project Summary The overarching goal of this proposal is to map neurodevelopmental trajectories of emotion regulation in healthy adolescents and adolescents with affective disorders. The ability to regulate emotion is a critical developmental task and predicts numerous social and emotional outcomes into adulthood. Conversely, emotion regulation development is compromised in affective disorders, particularly in youth with a history of maltreatment. Crucially, maltreatment not only increases risk for affective disorders, but is also associated with greater illness severity, suicide attempts, and treatment resistance in both youth and adults. However, no studies have comprehensively and longitudinally examined neurodevelopmental trajectories of cognitive- emotional control in typical development, nor how these trajectories are disrupted in affective disordered youth with and without maltreatment. Notably, preliminary data suggest that maltreatment may represent a unique subtype of affective disorders, characterized by declining emotion regulation capacity over adolescence. This innovative research program will 1) map trajectories of cognitive-emotional neurodevelopment in typically developing (TD) adolescents, 2) characterize divergence in these trajectories in non-maltreated and maltreated adolescents with affective disorders (AD, AD+M, respectively), and 3) determine to what extent neurodevelopmental trajectories of emotion regulation contribute to recovery vs. illness persistence over time. This interdisciplinary research team will recruit 210 youth (70/group TD, AD, AD+M), ages 10-16, to be followed over 3 annual assessments. At each assessment, behavioral and neural indices of cognitive- emotional control will be captured during fMRI. Here, youth will complete a comprehensive battery of validated tasks probing multiple levels of cognitive-emotional function including emotional reactivity, implicit (automatic) emotion regulation, explicit (voluntary) emotion regulation, and general executive function. Simultaneous with fMRI, physiological markers of emotional arousal will be measured including skin conductance, corrugator EMG, and pupillary response. Primary analyses will 1) examine neurobehavioral trajectories of emotion regulation in TD youth, 2) elucidate divergence in neurobehavioral trajectories of emotion regulation in AD and AD+M youth, and 3) map neurodevelopmental trajectories of illness recovery vs. persistence in affective disordered youth. This ambitious program of neurodevelopmental research promises to yield the first longitudinal and comprehensive set of behavioral and neural markers of cognitive-emotional control in pediatric affective disorders. Furthermore, it will explore the potential for maltreatment to represent a deleterious subtype of affective disorders. In total, this research addresses key areas of the NIMH Strategic Plan including (1) characterizing neurodevelopmental trajectories and biomarkers of illness trajectories, and (2) identifying biomarkers which may be utilized for tailoring treatments and developing novel interventions.