T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship Program

吸毒成瘾以及艾滋病毒传播、犯罪和暴力等相关的公共卫生问题， 我们的国家每年在医疗保健、生产力损失和监禁方面花费数十亿美元。因为有 在过去的二十年里，神经科学和遗传学取得了迅速的进步，我们需要加快“前进”的速度。 将这些知识转化为更有效的成瘾临床治疗。相反，对于成瘾 治疗与一些已知的疗效，我们现在可以应用新的神经科学和遗传工具，在“向后- 翻译”--例如，找出为什么一种治疗方法对某些人有效，而对另一些人却完全无效。帮助 为了满足熟练的翻译研究人员的需要，本申请建议继续成功的（17 在本供资期内有13名学员） 宾夕法尼亚大学.（博士前和博士后）培训计划明确了一个长期存在的 宾夕法尼亚大学的翻译传统，整合临床和基础研究优势，培养学员，无论是 临床或临床前，博士或医学博士，他们将在未来十年加速成瘾科学的发展。重点 通过共同PI（临床和基础，奇尔德里斯博士 和皮尔斯），内部和外部顾问委员会成员，正式的教学法，“双重”（临床- 临床前）指导，并在学员的指导研究项目。的翻译重点 该计划是由认识到成瘾是复杂的疾病，多决定的相互作用， 遗传脆弱性，暴露于药物，和一系列的调节（例如，早期创伤、压力、文化规范） 影响。因此，通过一个关于这些相互作用的决定因素的最新知识， 教学系列具体的程序，并通过指导项目，可能范围从分子和 遗传学研究、大脑系统（神经科学和神经成像）、临床治疗试验和药物政策。 这种广泛的选择是由大学在成瘾研究方面的悠久历史所实现的， 反映在几个学术研究中心（宾夕法尼亚大学成瘾研究中心;翻译中心）， 研究实验室/CNB;艾滋病研究中心;尼古丁综合研究中心（CIRNA） 治疗研究所，以及合作实验室，为患者提供熟练，成功的导师。 团契。指导研究也发生在几个附属的治疗设置（弗吉尼亚州，Presby-Penn， 社区美沙酮诊所和移动的艾滋病毒预防单位），对于转化新的研究成果至关重要 进入“真实的世界”

Addictions and the associated public health problems of HIV transmission, crime and violence, exact a severe toll on our nation, costing billions annually in health care, lost productivity, and incarceration. As there have been rapid advances in neuroscience and genetics in the past two decades, we need to speed the "forward" translation of this knowledge into more effective clinical treatments for the addictions. Conversely, for addiction treatments with some known efficacy, we can now apply new neuroscience and genetic tools in "backward- translation" -- e.g., finding why a treatment works well for some individuals, yet not at all for others. To help meet the need for skilled translational researchers, this application proposes continuation of a successful (17 total trainees; 13 in the current funding period) NIDA T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania. The (pre- and postdoctoral) training program make explicit a long-standing translational tradition at Penn, integrating clinical and basic research strengths to create trainees, whether clinical or preclinical, Ph.D.s or M.D.s, who will accelerate addiction science in the next decade. The emphasis on translation is reflected at each level of the program - through the Co-PIs (clinical and basic, Drs. Childress and Pierce), the internal and external advisory board members, the formal didactics, the "dual" (clinical - preclinical) mentoring, and in the trainees' mentored research projects. The translational emphasis of the program is driven by the recognition that addictions are complex disorders, multi-determined by interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, exposure to drug, and a host of modulating (e.g., early trauma ,stress, cultural norms) influences. Trainees are thus offered state-of-the-art knowledge about these interacting determinants through a didactic series specific to the program, and through mentored projects that may range from molecular and genetic studies, to brain systems (neuroscience and neuroimaging), to clinical treatment trials, and drug policy. This wide range of choices is enabled by the long history of excellence in addiction research at the University, reflected in the several academic research Centers (Penn Center for Studies on Addiction; Translational Research Laboratories/CNB; Center for AIDS Research; Center for Integrated Nicotine Research (CIRNA), the Treatment Research Institute, and collaborative laboratories offering skilled, successful mentors to the Fellowship. Mentored research also takes place within several affiliated treatment settings (VA, Presby-Penn, community methadone clinics, and mobile HIV Prevention units), critical for translating new research findings into the "real world”.