HIV Risk Among Young Women Workers in the Industrial Zone in Vietnam

项目摘要 在过去的三十年里，低收入和中等收入国家的工业区迅速发展， 随着全球公司在服装和其他产品的生产中寻求最低的单位成本， 高收入国家市场。在全球范围内，低技能的农村年轻妇女占工业区劳动力的60-90%。 对于这些农村的年轻妇女来说，成年期的到来是在长时间艰苦工作的背景下进行的， 居住在条件恶劣和拥挤的住房以及城市周边社区， 这既是暂时或永久逃离临时安全区生活的一种手段，也是经济来源， 身体和性风险。这些风险包括感染艾滋病毒;南亚和东南亚的研究表明， 研究表明，移民中的艾滋病毒感染率是非移民的10-12倍。的研究人群 该项目是在越南河内的一个工业区的年轻女工，该工业区有60万劳动力，其中70% 是女性这些未婚妇女特别容易受到艾滋病毒传播的风险，因为她们要处理 工作中的男性主管和男性同行、男性房东和店主以及社区中的男性， 寻求他们的可支配收入和性服务。这些风险发生在性别不平等的背景下， 社会支持、重男轻女的规范、工作不稳定和对安全性行为的了解有限。很少有 在越南的IZ工人中进行的艾滋病毒风险研究，因此，他们仍然是一个未解决的风险群体。这 R21应用程序旨在调查艾滋病毒的流行率和风险，并产生可作为基础的结果， 降低工业区年轻女工感染艾滋病毒的风险。这一拟议的探索性项目的具体目标 （1）利用关键信息提供者和深入访谈进行定性数据收集，以了解妇女的 适应IZ，并开发一种适用于年轻妇女的文化相关调查工具， 2）通过艾滋病毒快速检测，估计在IZ工作的年轻女性中艾滋病毒的流行率 和调查管理，以确定知识，态度和行为艾滋病毒的危险因素; 3）评估 与血清状态相关的因素，包括内部资源，社会网络组成，风险特征， 以及住宅和社区性暴力和污名化。该项目将由跨学科的人进行 以及由经验丰富的越南和美国研究人员组成的国际团队。工业区已经成为 几乎所有中低收入国家的生产，是全球公司和高收入国家生产的主要组成部分。 经济体这项研究的结果有助于降低越南女工的艾滋病毒风险 以及其他国家的IZ工作者，通过他们的成果， 确定可作为有效干预目标的艾滋病毒和艾滋病毒风险的促成因素。

Project Abstract Over the last three decades, the industrial zones (IZs) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) have rapidly expanded as global corporations search for the lowest unit cost in production of garments and other products for high-income country markets. Globally, low skilled rural young women constitute 60-90% of the IZ workforce. For these rural, young women, emerging adulthood takes place in the context of long hours of difficult work, residence in deteriorated and crowded housing and in communities on the periphery of cities, where men represent both a means of temporary or permanent escape from life in the IZ, as well as a source of economic, physical and sexual risk. Among these risks is contracting HIV; studies in South and Southeast Asia, have shown that HIV prevalence is 10-12 times greater among migrants than non-migrants. The study population for this project are young women workers in an IZ in Hanoi, Vietnam with a workforce of 600,000, of which 70% are women. These unmarried women are particularly vulnerable to risk of HIV transmission as they deal with male supervisors and male peers at work, male landlords and shopkeepers and men in the community who seek their disposable income and sexual availability. These risks occur in a context of gender inequality, limited social supports, patriarchal norms, job insecurity and limited knowledge about safe sex. There have been few studies of HIV risk among IZ workers in Vietnam and as a result, they remain an unaddressed risk group. This R21 application seeks to investigate HIV prevalence and risk and generate results that can be the basis for reducing HIV risk among young women workers in the IZ. The specific aims of this proposed exploratory project are to: 1) Conduct qualitative data collection using key informant and in-depth interviews to understand women's adaptations to the IZ and to develop a culturally relevant survey instrument administered to young women working in the IZ; 2) Estimate the prevalence of HIV among young women IZ workers through rapid HIV testing and survey administration to determine knowledge, attitude and behavioral HIV risk factors; 3) Assess the factors associated with serostatus including internal resources, social network composition, risk characteristics, and residential and community sexual violence and stigma. The project will be conducted by an interdisciplinary and international team of experienced Vietnamese and US researchers. Industrial zones have become a part of almost all LMICs and are a major component of production for global corporations and high-income economies. The results of this research can contribute to reducing HIV risk among women workers in Vietnam as well as IZ workers in other countries through empirically-generated results that can form the basis for identifying contributory factors to HIV and HIV risk that can be the targets of effective interventions.