SYSTEMATIC PSYCHOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF VISUAL LEARNING

摘要 视觉知觉学习(VPL)指的是视觉任务绩效的长期提高 视觉体验。当前提案的全球目标是研究自然场景/刺激(NS)的VPL。 VPL是一种重要的工具，可以用来更好地了解视觉可塑性以及改善和/或恢复 视力受损、下降或退化。在几乎所有关于VPL的研究中，人工和非自然刺激(美国) ，包括 美国的Gabor Patches VPL被发现至少受到以下两种限制 ，已被用于训练。 各种因素。首先，美国的任务相关VPL(R-VPL)和任务无关VPL(I-VPL)倾向于特定于训练者 功能和 被认为是VPL在临床应用中的严重限制，需要对 日常生活中的超阈值NS。 地点。其次，如果US超过阈值，则不会发生美国的I-VPL。对VPL的这些限制 然而，我们在这里提出了这样一种可能性，即这些限制并不是 必须适用于NS的VPL。我们计划通过系统地比较 NS对VPL的限制与美国VPL的限制。如果对NS的VPL确实发生了较小数量的限制， 我们将进一步测试NS的以下4个不同特征是否都会出现相同的结果：(1) 垂直或水平方向优势，(2)特定空间频率分布(1/f，空间相关性)， (3)Portilla&Simoncelli统计量，包括不同取向和SF通道的相关性以及 这些频道本身来自原始NS图像和(4)分类项目或分类组织。 具体目标1将测试NS的不同特性如何减少对I-VPL的限制。 在自然环境中，观看者会接触到许多与任务无关的超阈值特征。因此， 检查NS的VPL是否以及如何发生是很重要的。我们将测试以下关于VPL的假设 辨别和检测任务。假设(H)1-1：出现阈值以上NS取向的I-VPL， 而门槛以上的美国则不是这样。H1-2：如果美国出现阈值以上美国方向的I-VPL 具备NS的上述4个特征。H1-3：NS方向的I-VPL更多转移到 未经培训的方向和/或位置比I-VPL的美国方向。H1-4：定向的I-VPL的转移 如果美国具有上述4个NS特征中的每一个，则会发生。 具体目标2将测试NS的不同特性如何减少对R-VPL的限制。 NS的R-VPL是至关重要的，因为观众在日常生活中进行目标导向的任务，需要改进 关于NS的任务绩效。我们将检查NS的R-VPL是否更广泛地推广到未训练的 特征(方位)、位置和任务比美国的VPL更好，通过检验以下假设。H2-1：R-VPL 将NS的定向转移到未经培训的定向、位置和/或任务。H2-2：R-VPL的转移 如果美国拥有上述NS的四个特征中的每一个，就会发生对美国的定位。

Summary Visual perceptual learning (VPL) refers to a long-term enhancement of visual task performance as a result of visual experience. The global aim of the current proposal is to investigate VPL of natural scenes/stimuli (NS). VPL is an important tool that can be used to better understand visual plasticity and to improve and/or restore damaged, declining or degraded vision. In almost all studies of VPL, artificial and unnatural stimuli (US) , including Gabor patches VPL of US has been found to be restricted by at least following two , have been used for training. factors. First, task-relevant VPL (R-VPL) and task-irrelevant VPL (I-VPL) of US tend to be specific for the trained feature and are regarded as serious limitations of VPL in clinical applications that require generalized effects on suprathreshold NS in everyday life. location. Second, if US is suprathreshold, I-VPL of the US does not occur. These restrictions on VPL However, here we raise the possibility that these restrictions are not necessarily applied to VPL of NS. We plan to test this possibility by systematically comparing the degree of restrictions on VPL of NS with that on VPL of US. If smaller amounts of restrictions on VPL of NS indeed occur, we will further test whether the same results occur with each of the following 4 different characteristics of NS: (1) vertical or horizonal orientation dominance, (2) specific spatial frequency distributions (1/f, spatial correlation), (3) Portilla & Simoncelli statistics that include correlations of different orientation and SF channels as well as these channels themselves from original NS images and (4) categorized items or categorical organization. Specific Aim 1 will test how different characteristics of NS reduce restrictions on I-VPL. A viewer in a natural environment is exposed to a multitude of suprathreshold task-irrelevant features. Therefore, it is important to examine whether and how VPL of NS occurs. We will test the following hypotheses for VPL of discrimination and detection tasks. Hypothesis (H)1-1: I-VPL of orientation for suprathreshold NS occurs, whereas that for suprathreshold US does not. H1-2: I-VPL of orientation for suprathreshold US occurs if the US have each of the above-mentioned 4 characteristics of NS. H1-3: I-VPL of orientation for NS transfers more to untrained orientations and/or locations than I-VPL of orientation for US. H1-4: The transfer of I-VPL of orientation for US occurs if the US have each of the above-mentioned 4 NS characteristics. Specific Aim 2 will test how different characteristics of NS reduce restrictions on R-VPL. R-VPL of NS is crucial because a viewer conducts a goal-oriented task in everyday life and needs to improve task performance regarding NS. We will examine whether R-VPL of NS is more generalized to untrained features (orientations), locations and tasks than VPL of US by testing the following hypotheses. H2-1: R-VPL of orientation for NS transfers to untrained orientations, locations and/or tasks. H2-2: The transfer of R-VPL of orientation for US occurs if the US have each of the above-mentioned 4 characteristics of NS.