Developing and Testing the Opioid Rapid Response System

第一阶段SBIR将开发和展示阿片类药物的可用性/可行性 快速反应系统(OSSR)，以减少紧急情况下的死亡和压力 阿片类药物过量的反应系统。阿片类药物过量确实造成了巨大的损失 由于紧急响应系统承受着令人难以置信的压力，人们的生活和支出都在增加。 纳洛酮已经被开发出来用来对抗过量服用。然而，这些问题的性质 事件需要快速反应，这种情况对应急人员提出了挑战 无论是人口稀少的农村地区还是人口稠密的城市社区。 PulsePoint已经开发了一款应用程序，可以通过将 通过911系统对事件进行响应。PulsePoint已经在4,000人中到位 然而，这款应用程序无法实现这些目标 而不会被大量公民应答者使用，这些应答者都能够 使用挽救生命的纳洛酮，并相信他们有能力做到这一点。这个项目是 旨在开发创新和有效的技术来填补这一空白。我们建立在 克拉克县试点项目由我们团队的成员进行 使公民应急者能够利用的初步招募和培训方案 PulsePoint应用程序。运用传播学理论，进行科技型招聘 将围绕对个人的呼吁(个人身份呼吁)和 其他(公共呼吁)。招聘信息将通过以下途径传播 多种媒体渠道，包括社交媒体、海报、广播广播和 口碑。社会认知理论将用于在线和面对面的发展 面对面培训，使用户能够使用PulsePoint App，安全地应答电话，以及 给他注射纳洛酮。一项无盲、双臂、平行组群随机试验 将在印第安纳州的两个县进行非随机整群抽样 确定ORR的可用性和可行性及其招聘和培训 组件。我们预计将招募和培训400名公民响应人员。预试和 测试后调查将通过以下方式评估培训和招聘风险 各种渠道。关于参与者参加的活动数量的县级数据 反应和挽救的生命也将被用来评估干预措施。一个准- 实验设计将对两种招聘策略和两种培训进行比较 医疗模式。项目结果将用于设计和更广泛的，全州范围内的两个 评估研究(印第安纳州和华盛顿州)，检查以下方面的结果 救生以及进行了成本效益分析。这个项目有很好的发展前景 承诺通过PulsePoint网络快速和广泛地传播 并有可能开发一种社区应对模式 类似的公共卫生事件(例如冠状病毒、中风、心力衰竭)。

This Phase I SBIR will develop and demonstrate the usability/feasibility of the Opioid Rapid Response System (OSSR) in order to reduce deaths and strain on emergency response systems from opioid overdoses. Opioid overdoses exact a tremendous cost in lives and expenditures due to incredible strain on emergency response systems. Naloxone has been developed to counteract overdoses. However, the nature of these events requires a rapid response, a situation that challenges emergency responders in both lightly populated rural areas as well as densely populated urban communities. PulsePoint has developed an app with the potential to obviate both concerns by linking responders to events through the 911 system. PulsePoint is already in place in 4,000 communities throughout the U.S. However, the app cannot accomplish these goals without being used by a large number of citizen responders who are both able to administer life-saving Naloxone and confident in their ability to do so. This project is designed to develop innovative and effective techniques for filling this gap. We build off of the Clark County Pilot Project conducted by members of our team that developed preliminary recruitment and training protocols for enabling citizen responders to utilize the PulsePoint App. Using communication theory, a technology-based recruitment protocol will be built around appeals to individuals (personal identity appeals) and others (communal appeals). Recruitment messages will be disseminated through diverse media channels, including social media, posters, radio announcement, and work-of-mouth. Social Cognitive Theory will be used to develop both online and face-to- face training to enable users to use the PulsePoint App, safely respond to calls, and administer Naloxone. An unblinded, two-arm, parallel group cluster-randomized trial with non-random cluster sampling will be conducted in two Indiana counties to establish the usability and feasibility of ORRS and its recruitment and training components. We anticipate recruiting and training 400 citizen responders. Pretest and posttest surveys will evaluate the training and as well as recruitment exposure through the various channels. County-level data on the number of events to which participant responded as well as lives saved also will be used to evaluate the intervention. A quasi- experimental design will compare the two recruitment strategies and the two training modalities. Project findings will be used to design and more extensive, two statewide evaluation studies (Indiana and Washington) that examine outcomes in numbers of lives saves as well as conducted a cost effectiveness analyses. The project has great promise for rapid and wide dissemination through the PulsePoint network of communities and has the potential to develop a model for community responses to similar public health events (e.g., coronavirus, stroke, heart failure).