Improved control of priority animal diseases: Novel vaccines and companion diagnostic tests for African horse sickness, peste des petits ruminants and foot- and-mouth disease

目前针对非洲马病（AHS）、小反刍兽疫（PPR）和口蹄疫（FMD）的疫苗存在严重缺陷，使欧盟容易受到这些A类跨界动物疾病的影响，但仅依靠扑杀的控制策略越来越受到公众的反对。与此同时，在气候变化、全球贸易和长途旅行的推动下，美国急性呼吸道疾病、小反刍兽疫或口蹄疫传入欧洲的风险正在增加。迫切需要基于对发病机制和免疫的更多了解的创新疫苗和配套诊断方法，以提高预防引进和控制疫情的能力，这是对欧洲农业的主要威胁。SPIDVAC（安全重点传染病疫苗）联盟由来自德国、法国、西班牙、英国、荷兰、南非和塞内加尔的13个合作伙伴组成，他们将开发针对AHS、小反刍兽疫和口蹄疫的创新疫苗，并评估其体外能力。在小动物模型和目标物种中证明候选疫苗的安全性和有效性，并开发伴随诊断，以可靠地区分感染动物和接种动物（DIVA）。此外，该项目将增加对感染、毒力和免疫机制的了解，并研究流行病地区利益攸关方对疫苗的接受程度。该联盟包括兽医疫苗和诊断工具的行业伙伴，他们将确保新开发工具的技术准备和市场相关性，这将有助于决策者、兽医服务机构和企业经营者减轻动物传染病的负担，促进可持续畜牧业，并促进从农场到餐桌的公众和动物健康。

Current vaccines for African horse sickness (AHS), peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) have critical shortcomings that leave the European Union vulnerable to these category A transboundary animal diseases, but control strategies that rely on culling alone are increasingly rejected by the public. At the same time, the risk of an introduction of AHS, PPR or FMD into Europe is growing, driven by climate change, global trade and long-distance travel. Innovative vaccines and companion diagnostics that are grounded in an increased knowledge of pathogenesis and immunity are urgently required to improve the capacity to prevent introductions and contain outbreaks, which are a major threat to European agriculture. The SPIDVAC (Safe Priority Infectious Diseases VACcines) consortium consists of 13 partners from Germany, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, South Africa and Senegal, who will develop innovative vaccines against AHS, PPR and FMD and evaluate their capabilities in vitro, demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the candidate vaccines in small-animal models and in the target species and develop companion diagnostic to reliably differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In addition, the project will increase knowledge on the mechanisms of infection, virulence and immunity and study the acceptability of vaccines for stakeholders in endemic areas. The consortium includes industry partners for veterinary vaccines and diagnostic tools, who will ensure the technological readiness and market relevance of the newly developed tools, which will help policy makers, veterinary services and business operators reduce the burden of infectious animal diseases, contribute to a sustainable livestock industry and promote public and animal health from farm to fork.