Fiber-rich Foods to Treat Obesity and Prevent Colon Cancer

项目总结/摘要 肥胖是一个重要的公共卫生问题，也是众所周知的结直肠癌（CRC）的危险因素。 西方饮食，高热量和脂肪，缺乏富含纤维的食物，是代谢疾病的关键驱动力， 肥胖和CRC。高纤维饮食，包括豆类食物，如干豆和扁豆， 对介导肥胖-癌症关系的潜在生物学反应的有利影响，包括 胰岛素信号传导、慢性炎症、胃肠动力、肠道微生物群变化和平衡 细胞增殖和凋亡之间的联系。我们建议建立在我们以前的研究表明， 短期内严格监测富含纤维的食物消费量的增加有助于减肥和抑制 癌症风险的生物标志物。本研究的目的是进行一项为期12个月的平行组随机 临床试验，以预先分配的主菜和战略营养指导为特色， 健康的高纤维饮食模式。在干预过程中，参与者将接受强化教育， 与行为矫正相结合，过渡到自我导向和最终可持续的维护阶段。 该研究将针对CRC风险最高的多样化人群（招募n=70; 50%男性/ 50%女性）， 有息肉切除术史的超重和肥胖参与者，以测试高豆类，高纤维饮食 与对照饮食相比，将增加体重减轻并抑制癌症风险的结肠粘膜生物标志物。在 此外，我们将探索高豆类干预饮食对微生物组的潜在有益影响， 代谢组、胃肠道通过时间以及炎症和胰岛素抵抗的全身性生物标志物。 鉴于食用高纤维饮食和低纤维西方饮食的人群之间CRC的20倍差异， 饮食，这项研究的结果可能表明，饮食变化，以减少死亡率的巨大潜力， CRC和其他西方化疾病。

Project Summary/Abstract Obesity is a significant public health concern and a well-known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Western diet, high in calories and fat and deficient in fiber-rich foods, is a key driver of metabolic diseases like obesity and CRC. High-fiber diets including foods like legumes, such as dry beans and lentils, could have favorable effects on underlying biological responses that mediate the obesity-cancer relationship including insulin signaling, chronic inflammation, gastrointestinal motility, gut microbiota changes and the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. We propose to build upon our previous research demonstrating that short-term strictly monitored increases in fiber-rich food consumption facilitates weight loss and suppresses biomarkers of cancer risk. The goal of the current research is to conduct a 12-month parallel arm randomized clinical trial featuring pre-portioned entrées and strategic nutritional instruction to integrate legumes into a healthy high-fiber diet pattern. Over the course of the intervention participants will receive intense education combined with behavior modification, transitioning to self-directed and finally sustainable maintenance phases. The research will target a diverse population at highest risk for CRC (recruit n=70; 50% males / 50% females), overweight and obese participants with a history of polypectomy, to test whether a high-legume, high-fiber diet will increase weight loss and suppress colonic mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk compared to a control diet. In addition, we will explore potential beneficial effects of the high-legume intervention diet on the microbiome and metabolome, gastrointestinal transit time and on systemic biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance. Given the 20-fold differences in CRC between populations consuming high-fiber diets and low-fiber Western diets, the results of this study may demonstrate substantial potential for dietary change to reduce mortality from CRC and other westernized diseases.