Proximal and Distal Associations between Alcohol Demand, Subjective Craving, and Alcohol-Related Outcomes using an Ad-Lib Paradigm

项目摘要 年轻人（YA）中的重度酒精使用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，与良好的- 记录的短期和长期后果。最近的数据表明，三分之一的YA从事重 酒精使用，中度和重度酒精使用障碍（AUD）的发病年龄较早 相对于温和的澳元。这些数据凸显了了解大量饮酒风险因素的重要性 和澳元的发展。行为经济学理论结合了操作性和经济性 原则，以证明酒精的强化价值（RV）是酒精消费的最终途径，并解释了 尽管有相关的负面后果，但酒精使用的持续性。酒精需求是一个 定量测量酒精的RV，可以提供有关重度酒精使用模式的有用信息 以及在YA中发生AUD的相关风险。酒精的需求在各个领域都是 与大量和频繁饮酒、酒精依赖和治疗不良有关 结果是在。此外，酒精需求可能有助于解释 主观渴望和酒精相关的结果，因为主观渴望和酒精需求似乎 代表了动机的独特方面。理论上，酒精需求的增加可能更接近于 酒精消费比主观渴望，但更多的研究是必要的，以阐明这种关系。 虽然需求与酒精相关的结果有关，但众所周知，酒精需求会随着时间的推移而波动。 很少有研究评估酒精需求、主观和客观之间的近端和远端关联。 渴望和酒精相关的结果作为急性中毒的函数。这些数据将填补一个重要 通过展示酒精需求、主观渴望和 饮酒事件中的酒精消费和纵向，这对理解 这些变量在YA酒精使用中的独特作用，以及谁可能是发展的最大风险 的AUD。相关的，这些数据有重要的影响，预防和干预工作，旨在YA。 具体来说，拟议研究的结果可以为旨在减少饮酒的简短干预提供信息。 会议需求，目标是降低澳元随时间发展的风险。使用多方法 研究设计，提出的研究将填补一个重要的空白，在行为经济学和主观 渴望文学与以下目标：1）评估需求之间的近端时间关系， 酒精，主观渴望，以及随后的酒精消费在即兴饮酒范例; 2）检查 酒精需求，主观渴望和饮酒结果之间的远端时间关系， 急性中毒期。除了这些具体目标外，申请人还将获得 培训：1）青年人饮酒的病因学，更广泛地说，2）发展和管理 酒精管理研究，3）先进的统计方法，和4）科学写作。

Project Summary Heavy alcohol use among young adults (YA) is a major public health concern and is associated with well- documented short- and long-term consequences. Recent data suggest that a third of YA engage in heavy alcohol use, and that moderate and severe alcohol use disorders (AUD) have an earlier age of onset compared to mild AUD. These data highlight the importance of understanding risk factors for heavy alcohol use and the development of AUD among YA. Behavioral economic theory combines operant and economic principles to posit that alcohol’s reinforcing value (RV) is the final pathway to alcohol consumption and explains the persistence of alcohol use despite the associated negative consequences. Alcohol demand is a quantitative measure of alcohol’s RV and can provide useful information about patterns of heavy alcohol use and associated risk for development of AUD among YA. Alcohol demand has been cross-sectionally associated with greater quantity and frequency of alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and poor treatment outcomes among YA. Further, alcohol demand may help explain the inconsistent relationship between subjective craving and alcohol-related outcomes, as subjective craving and alcohol demand appear to represent unique facets of motivation. It is theorized that increased alcohol demand may be more proximal to alcohol consumption than subjective craving, but more research is necessary to elucidate this relationship. While demand has been associated with alcohol-related outcomes, alcohol demand is known to fluctuate over time, and few studies have assessed the proximal and distal associations between alcohol demand, subjective craving, and alcohol-related outcomes as a function of acute intoxication. These data would fill an important gap in the literature by demonstrating the relationship between alcohol demand, subjective craving, and alcohol consumption within a drinking episode and longitudinally, which has implications for understanding the unique roles of these variables in YA alcohol use, as well as who might be at greatest risk for the development of AUD. Relatedly, these data have important implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at YA. Specifically, findings from the proposed study could inform brief interventions aimed at reducing within drinking session demand with the goal of reducing risk of the development of AUD over time. Using a multimethod research design, the proposed study will fill an important gap in the behavioral economic and subjective craving literature with the following aims: 1) to assess the proximal temporal relationship between demand for alcohol, subjective craving, and subsequent alcohol consumption in an ad-lib drinking paradigm; 2) To examine the distal temporal relationship between alcohol demand, subjective craving, and drinking outcomes following a period of acute intoxication. In addition to addressing these specific aims, the applicant will also receive training in: 1) the etiology of alcohol use among young adults, more broadly, 2) development and management of alcohol administration studies, 3) advanced statistical methods, and 4) scientific writing.