An integrated set of novel approaches to counter the emergence and proliferation of invasive and virulent soil-borne nematodes

土壤传播的植物寄生线虫是全球粮食生产的生物安全风险，据估计全球每年损失1100亿欧元。根结线虫（Root-knot nematdes， RKN）和马铃薯囊肿线虫（potato囊肿nematdes， PCN）在影响最大的10种植物寄生线虫中排名1和2，仅根结线虫就占全球作物损失的5%左右。RKN和PCN是EPPO警报清单上列出的A2检疫性有害生物或新物种。这两个PCN物种也被列入欧盟委员会实施法规2021/2285。最近的报告显示，由于两个独立的驱动因素：全球变暖和遗传选择，在整个欧洲和其他地区，西红柿和土豆种植中出现了新的RKN和PCN问题。几十年来，非特异性、对环境有害的农用化学品一直用于管理RKN和PCN。对其负面影响的认识日益提高，促使大多数杀线虫剂逐步淘汰。因此，迫切需要新的、持久的控制策略，使利益相关者能够做出适当的反应，以防止欧盟内外的交叉交叉。NEM-EMERGE将基于IPM原则为传统和有机农业部门提供一系列可持续的、基于科学的解决方案，包括(1)优化作物轮作方案，包括覆盖作物，(2)量身定制寄主植物抗性，以及(3)优化利用土壤的天然拮抗潜力。此外，还将建立监测和风险评估工具，以支持植物卫生主管部门的决策和政策制定。为了确保在该部门采用和实施nem - emerge工具，将根据传统和有机部门的利益相关者需求，采用自下而上的共同创造过程和多参与者方法。这使得NEM-EMERGE成为符合“从农场到餐桌”战略向可持续农业过渡的关键驱动力，从而有助于实现《绿色协议》设定的具有挑战性的目标。

Soil-borne plant-parasitic nematodes are a biosecurity risk for global food production with an estimated annual loss of €110 billionworldwide. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) and potato cyst nematodes (PCN) rank 1 and 2 in the Top 10 of high-impact plant-parasiticnematodes with RKN alone accounting for ~5% of global crop losses. RKN and PCN are A2 quarantine pests or emerging specieslisted on the EPPO Alert List. The two PCN species are also included in EU Commission implementing regulation 2021/2285. Recentreports document the emergence of new RKN and PCN problems in tomato and potato cropping across Europe and beyond due to twoindependent drivers: global warming and genetic selection. For decades, non-specific, environmentally harmful agrochemicals have beenapplied to manage RKN and PCN. The increasing awareness about their negative impact prompted the phasing out of most nematicides.Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel, durable control strategies that enable adequate responses by stakeholders to prevent croplosses in the EU and beyond. NEM-EMERGE will provide a spectrum of sustainable, science-based solutions for both the conventionaland organic farming sector based on the principles of IPM, including (1) optimized crop rotations schemes including cover crops, (2)tailored host plant resistances, and (3) optimal use of the native antagonistic potential of soils. Moreover, monitoring and risk assessmenttools will be generated to support Plant Health Authorities in decision and policy making. To ensure the adoption and implementation ofNEM-EMERGE toolsin the sector, a bottom-up co-creation process and multi-actor approach will be used based on stakeholder demandsfrom both the conventional and organic sector. This makes NEM-EMERGE a key driver for the transition to sustainable farming in linewith the Farm to Fork Strategy thereby contributing to the challenging targets set by the Green Deal.