CERTAINTY: Cloud-aERosol inTeractions & their impActs IN The earth sYstem

云、气溶胶及其相互作用是气候的关键调节器。然而，气溶胶对气候的净冷却影响的大小以及云对不断变化的人为排放的反应和气候变化引起的对自然排放的反馈的不确定性是主要的挑战，限制了我们对全球和区域气候，包括极端气候如何应对温室气体变化的理解。更好地了解气溶胶-云过程及其在地球系统中的作用至关重要，从区域到全球范围，从几天到几十年的不同时间尺度。在过去十年中，发展了广泛的研究网络、基础设施、卫星仪器和大气模型，从而有可能全面了解云和气溶胶对气候和天气的影响。CERTAINTY将利用这些可用的数据以及先进的算法、机器学习和数据同化方法、高分辨率模型和地球系统模型，将云、气溶胶和辐射之间相互作用的基础知识提升到一个新的水平。该联盟的合作伙伴作为欧洲气溶胶和云数据以及ESM/高分辨率模型的运营商，数据发起者，开发商，提供商和用户发挥着关键作用。该联合体领导下一代卫星飞行任务（如EarthCARE）的活动，并开发新的卫星产品，通过准备早期采用数据的工具，促进其在CERTAINTY的科学使用。CERTAINTY将把基于观测的知识用于建模框架，以改进预测模型和控制气溶胶，云及其相互作用的过程的知识，从几小时到几十年。最终结果将是更好地理解和预测极端事件，促进为欧洲公民和全球社会的利益规划气候减缓/适应战略

Cloud, aerosols and their interactions are key regulators of climate. However, uncertainties in the magnitude of the net cooling impact of aerosols on climate and in the cloud response to evolving anthropogenic emissions and climate change induced feedbacks on natural emissions are major challenges that limit our understanding of how global and regional climate, including extremes, respond to changes in greenhouse gases. It is of paramount importance to better understand aerosol-cloud processes and their role in the Earth System, from regional to global scales, and over different time scales, from days to decades. Over the last decade, extensive research networks, infrastructures, satellite instruments, and atmospheric models have been developed, making it possible to obtain a holistic view of the effects of clouds and aerosols on climate and weather. CERTAINTY will capitalise on this available data together with advanced algorithms, machine learning and data assimilation methods, high resolution models, and Earth system models to bring the fundamental knowledge of interactions between clouds, aerosols, and radiation to a new level. The consortium partners are in key roles as operators, data originators, developers, providers, and users of European aerosol and cloud data and ESMs/high resolution models. The consortium leads the activities of next generation satellite missions (such as EarthCARE), and the development of new satellite products, to facilitate their scientific use in CERTAINTY by preparing tools for early adoption of data. CERTAINTY will bring the observationbased knowledge to be used in modeling frameworks to improve predictive models and knowledge of processes controlling aerosols, clouds, and their interactions from hours to decades. The ultimate outcome will be better understanding and predictions of extreme events that facilitates planning of climate mitigation/adaptation strategies for the good of European citizens and global society