Sexual orientation, gender identity, and alcohol use: A multi-method analysis of developmental differences and key mechanisms

项目摘要： 今年美国将有超过95,000人死于过度饮酒和滥用酒精（Au/M）。 虽然酒精是青少年最常用的物质，但性和性别少数青年（SGMY） 比异性恋和顺性别青年更有可能参与早期和过度的Au/M，将他们置于 在整个生命过程中，Au/M的风险更大。过去几十年来， 表明迫切需要进行研究，确定预防的关键时期。然而，仍有紧迫的 关于SGM相关的发病、进展和可变机制的问题 青春期Au/M的差异。拟议研究的目的有两个。首先，我的目标是 检查Au/M在性取向、性别认同、 种族/民族。其次，我将探讨酒精使用的规范机制（例如，社会规范，同伴 影响力）与SGM的具体经验（例如，污名）影响SGMY酒精使用。 该项目将利用加州健康儿童调查，这是一个独特的基于人口的数据源， 100多万名青少年，并采用小学混合的方法进行数据收集，完成以下研究 目的：（目的1.1）估计（1.1 a）定义的各组间Au/M患病率的发展趋势 性取向、性别认同以及（1.1b）这些认同与种族/族裔的交叉点;（目标1.2） 检查基于偏见的欺凌和饮酒的感知伤害在多大程度上削弱了 由（1.2a）性取向、性别认同和（1.2b）定义的各组之间Au/M的发展趋势 这些身份与种族/民族的交叉点;（2）探讨SGM的具体和规范性如何 青少年因素共同影响SGMY中的Au/M。为了实现这些目标，我们需要更多的 在特定的SGM和Au/M差异的典型发育机制方面进行培训， 定量和混合方法研究SGMY的Au/M。培训计划结合了 赞助商和顾问提供量身定制的指导，提供正式的课程和培训研讨会， 拥有实现我成为一名独立人士的长期目标所需的技能、资源和指导。 研究人员的重点是了解和消除SGMY之间的Au/M不平等。阐明相互作用 在SGMY Au/M中涉及的规范性青少年和SGMY特异性压力源将允许我开发 未来的研究，有助于发展适当的和文化相关的干预，以中断 Au/M通路和支持SGMY的弹性。

Project Abstract: Over 95,000 people will die this year in the United States from excessive alcohol use and misuse (AU/M). Although alcohol is the substance most commonly used by teens, sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are more likely to engage in early and excessive AU/M than heterosexual and cisgender youth, placing them at greater risk for AU/M across the life course. The persistence of these disparities over the past several decades indicates an urgent need for research identifying critical periods for prevention. Yet, there remain pressing questions regarding the onset, progression, and mutable mechanisms that contribute to SGM-related disparities in AU/M during adolescence. The objective of the proposed research is twofold. First, I aim to examine developmental trends of AU/M across groups of youth defined by sexual orientation, gender identity, and race/ethnicity. Second, I will explore how normative mechanisms of alcohol use (e.g., social norms, peer influence) coincide and coexist with SGM-specific experiences (e.g., stigma) to influence SGMY alcohol use. The project will leverage the California Healthy Kids Survey, a unique population-based data source of more than one million adolescents, and primary mixed methods data collection to complete the following research aims: (Aim 1.1) Estimate developmental trends in the prevalence of AU/M across groups defined by (1.1a) sexual orientation, gender identity and (1.1b) the intersections of these identities with race/ethnicity; (Aim 1.2) Examine the extent to which bias-based bullying and perceived harm of alcohol use attenuate differences in developmental trends of AU/M across groups defined by (1.2a) sexual orientation, gender identity and (1.2b) the intersections of these identities with race/ethnicity; and (2) Explore how SGM-specific and normative adolescent factors collectively shape AU/M among SGMY. To accomplish these goals, I require additional training in SGM-specific and developmentally typical mechanisms of AU/M disparities, and complex quantitative and mixed methods approaches to investigating SGMY’s AU/M. The training plan combines tailored mentorship from sponsors and consultants with formal coursework and training seminars to provide me with the skills, resources, and mentorship needed to reach my long-term goal of becoming an independent researcher focused on understanding and eliminating AU/M inequities among SGMY. Elucidating the interplay of normative adolescent and SGMY-specific stressors implicated in SGMY AU/M will allow me to develop future research that contributes to developmentally appropriate and culturally relevant interventions to interrupt AU/M pathways and support resiliency in SGMY.