Gender Differences in Physical Activity Opportunities and Impacts While Incarcerated

项目总结 美国经历了史无前例的监禁流行病。超过900万美国人 每年被监禁在监狱(关押等待审判和短期服刑的人的设施)。的 这些人，大约20%是女性。然而，妇女服刑的增长率是#年的两倍。 男人。女性进入的机构几乎没有考虑到性别差异 导致短期和长期身心健康状况不佳的健康需求。被监禁的妇女 比男性有更高的慢性病、精神障碍和药物依赖的负担，包括 在一般人群中，男性更常见的情况。体力活动(PA)可以缓解身体不适 对健康产生影响，并立即产生影响。一次中等到剧烈的PA可以改善焦虑 症状，降低血压，并改善睡眠的一天进行它。尽管有这些好处， 缺乏体力活动是囚犯经历的最常见的心血管危险因素 个人。监狱可能会提供休闲时间和与工作相关的机会来进行身体活动，但 机会因性别而异。根据政策和做法，监狱可能会提供娱乐时间，以及 无结构的时间专门用来休闲的PA。然而，75%的被监禁个人没有参加REC- 时间，更多的女性报告更高的缺勤率。在与工作相关的个人助理方面也存在差异 被监禁期间的机会，包括男女在分配工作方面的差异。 然而，目前还没有关于男女同校学生获得不同的休闲和工作机会的研究 以及巴勒斯坦权力机构在监禁期间和监禁后对健康的影响。建议的科学目标 研究旨在确定两个男女同校的县监狱中PA机会的性别差异，并检查其影响 被监禁期间和获释后在健康方面的这些差距。我们假设，与男性相比， 女性在男女同校监狱中接触PA的机会较少，导致心理和身体健康状况较差 在监禁期间和之后。我们将采访监狱工作人员和被监禁的个人，以确定休闲和 亚利桑那州北部两所监狱中与工作相关的PA机会和政策。我们将构建一年的前瞻性 500名男女被关押在亚利桑那州北部的两个监狱，以了解基于性别的差异 在PA中度过的时间和在监禁期间的久坐时间以及这些模式如何影响身体 以及监禁期间和之后的心理健康状况。最后，使用从预期队列收集的数据和 新的参数g公式，我们将估计现实的、模拟的PA干预对 改善健康状况。在监狱中获得增加PA的机会是一个卫生公平问题。收藏品 主要的纵向数据，为模拟干预提供信息，这些干预有望影响妇女中的PA 监狱将向监狱管理部门提供信息，以建议进行方案和政策更改。

PROJECT SUMMARY The US has experienced an unparalleled epidemic of incarceration. More than 9 million Americans are incarcerated in jail (facilities housing individuals awaiting trial and serving short sentences) each year. Of these, about 20% are women. However, the rate of growth for imprisonment among women is twice that of men. Women are entering into institutions designed with little consideration for differences in gender-based health needs that contributes to poor short- and long-term physical and mental health. Women incarcerated have a higher burden of chronic conditions, psychiatric disorders, and drug dependence than men, including conditions found more commonly in men in the general population. Physical activity (PA) can mitigate poor health outcomes and have immediate effects. A single bout of moderate-to-vigorous PA improves anxiety symptoms, decreases blood pressure, and improves sleep on the day it is performed. Despite these benefits, physical inactivity is the single most common cardiovascular risk factor experienced by incarcerated individuals. Jails may provide leisure-time and work-related opportunities to be physically active, but opportunities vary by sex. Depending on policies and practices, jails may provide recreation time, an unstructured time dedicated to leisure-time PA. However, 75% of individuals incarcerated do not attend rec- time, with more women reporting higher rates of non-attendance. There are also disparities in work-related PA opportunities while incarcerated, including disparities in work assignment availability for women and men. However, there is no research about differential access to leisure and work-related PA opportunities in co-ed jails and how PA impacts health during and after incarceration. The scientific objective of the proposed research is to determine gender disparities in PA opportunities in 2 co-ed county jails and examine the impact of these disparities on health while incarcerated and after release. We hypothesize that, compared to men, women will have lower access to PA opportunities in co-ed jails leading to poorer mental and physical health during and after incarceration. We will interview jail staff and individuals incarcerated to determine leisure and work-related PA opportunities and policies in 2 northern Arizona jails. We will construct a 1-year prospective cohort of 500 men and women incarcerated at 2 northern Arizona jails to understand gender-based differences in patterns of time spent in PA and sedentary time while incarcerated and how those patterns impact physical and mental health during and after incarceration. Finally, using data collected from the prospective cohort and the novel parametric g-formula, we will estimate the probable impact of realistic, simulated PA interventions to improve health outcomes. Access to opportunities to increase PA in jails is a health equity issue. The collection of primary, longitudinal data to inform simulated interventions that hold promise to impact PA among women in jails will provide information to the jails’ administration for recommended programmatic and policy changes.