Project 4: Virtual Public Health Precision Nutrition Laboratory

项目4：虚拟公共卫生精准营养实验室 为了更好地理解和解决精准营养问题，重要的是要考虑 "皮肤之上"和皮肤之下发生了什么。“皮肤以上”的因素代表了 影响他们的营养和健康。这包括社会、建筑、 以及个人所处的更广泛的宏观环境，例如来自朋友/家庭社会的影响。 网络、食物获取和地方政策。有证据表明，一个人外部的因素会影响他们的饮食 以及他们改变饮食的能力。研究还显示了一个人外部的因素是如何"深入皮肤"的， 影响对营养加工和长期慢性健康状况有重要影响的生物过程。在 同时，生物过程和健康状况也会影响人的外部因素。忽视因素 由于对机制的不完全理解， 以及不准确的干预方法，这些方法会引入偏见并加剧不平等。因此，精准营养 应该考虑饮食如何适应基于个人水平因素定义的表型， 社会，建筑和宏观环境的人暴露，以缩小干预的实施 间隙营养建议可能需要根据人们的生活和饮食环境进行调整， 可能需要对人们生活和饮食的环境进行干预，以支持坚持饮食 建议.因此，本拟议项目的目标是开发和利用项目3： 精准营养虚拟人（项目4），类似于精准营养虚拟人 营养（项目3）可以作为一个“虚拟实验室”，测试不同的饮食在不同的 类型/人群，并更好地理解和预测结果的反应。不同的是 虽然基于虚拟人代理的模型（ABM）将专注于个人和他们皮肤下的一切， 虚拟公共卫生精确营养实验室将整合外部的关键因素和过程， 个人这将包括人的接触社会，经济和建筑环境。这些 对饮食行为的不同影响形成反馈回路和相互作用，需要模型 代表自主决策和复杂的适应性行为。目标1将开发样本的ABM 纽约州（NYS）和洛杉矶（LA）地区，以模拟物理环境如何影响不同的 人们的营养摄入、饮食行为、遵循特定饮食的能力以及随着时间的推移而产生的健康状况。目的 2将纳入ABM计算表示不同的代理人的社会环境， 模拟这些因素如何影响他们的饮食、营养摄入、对饮食建议的遵守， 健康随着时间的推移。目标3将演示如何使用ABM来评估不同民族的 饮食可能需要适应他们的社会，经济和建筑环境，以及其他政策和 可能需要进行干预，以促进对特定饮食的坚持。

Abstract-Project 4: Virtual Public Health Precision Nutrition Laboratory When it comes to better understanding and addressing precision nutrition, it is important to consider what happens "above the skin" as well as under. Factors operating “above the skin” represent impacts from outside an individual’s body that can influence their nutrition and health. This includes facets of the social, built, and broader macro-environments that an individual is exposed to, such as influences from friend/family social networks, food access, and local policies. Evidence shows that factors outside a person can affect their diet and their capacity for dietary change. Studies also show how factors outside a person get “under the skin,” affecting biological processes that matter to nutrient processing and long-term chronic health conditions. At the same time, biological processes and health conditions can affect factors outside a person. Neglecting factors outside a person may limit the impact of precision nutrition due to an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and inaccurate intervention approaches that introduce bias and worsen disparities. Thus, precision nutrition should consider how diets fit with phenotypes that are defined based on individual-level factors as well as social, built, and macro-environments people are exposed to in order to narrow the intervention-implementation gap. Nutrition recommendations may need to be tailored to the contexts in which people live and eat, and the contexts in which people live and eat may need to be intervened upon to support adherence to dietary recommendations. Therefore, the goal of this proposed project is to develop and utilize the Project 3: The Virtual Human for Precision Nutrition (Project 4), which like the Virtual Human for Precision Nutrition (Project 3) could serve as a "virtual laboratory" to test different diets on different types/groups of people and better understand and predict the resulting responses. The difference is that while the Virtual Human agent-based model (ABM) will focus on the individual and everything under their skin, the Virtual Public Health Precision Nutrition Laboratory will incorporate the key factors and processes outside the individual. This will include the person's exposure to social, economic, and built environments. These different influences on dietary behaviors form feedback loops and interactions that require the model to represent autonomous decision making and complex, adaptive behaviors. Aim 1 will develop ABMs of sample New York State (NYS) and Los Angeles (LA) areas to simulate how physical environments may affect different people's nutrient intake, dietary behaviors, ability to follow particular diets, and resulting health over time. Aim 2 will incorporate into the ABMs computational representations of different agents' social environments, to simulate how these affect their diet, nutrient intake, adherence to dietary recommendations, and resulting health over time. Aim 3 will demonstrate how the ABM can be used to evaluate how much different peoples’ diets may need to be tailored to their social, economic, and built environment and what other policies and interventions may be needed to facilitate adherence to a given diet.