Novel technique to detect microcracks in the progression of Osteoporosis

项目概要- KANDADAI 骨质疏松症是一个严重影响人类生活的主要问题，影响超过4800万人 在美国的人。正常情况下，健康的骨骼不断经历重塑， 有助于治愈日常活动引起的轻微骨折，保持骨骼强壮。 骨质疏松症影响重塑，增加骨折的可能性。常见的一 治疗骨质疏松症的药物是双膦酸盐。然而，虽然它已被证明是改善 骨质疏松症，长期双磷酸盐治疗会产生产生微裂纹的风险 增加了髋骨骨折的几率疾病和治疗都会引起 骨的孔隙度，目前，没有可行的技术可以准确测量 骨孔隙度的变化。目前，有两种技术用于研究 骨、磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）。这两种技术 其具有低分辨率，使得难以检测骨骼中的微裂纹。此外，MRI 和CT不容易测量日常活动，承重， 和年龄对骨孔隙度的影响，这将是制定预防性治疗计划所必需的。在 我们提出的项目，我们正在研究一种新的可见光成像技术， 区分各种骨孔隙和微裂纹。在我们的项目中，我们将使用一种技术 称为调制光热辐射测量法（MPTR），其测量孔隙率依赖的 材料的导热性，例如骨。与MRI相比，MPTR具有两个潜在优势 和CT：1）它使用可见光来研究骨骼的退化，而没有有害的辐射，以及2） 更容易以更高的分辨率在体内实现。这项工作将具有广泛的影响力 无论是在实验室还是在真实的生活中。骨孔隙度和显微组织的定量 裂缝将提高对骨重建影响的理解，这是骨重建的一个主要问题。 骨质疏松症和其他重复性骨损伤。

PROJECT SUMMARY -- KANDADAI Osteoporosis is a major problem with a high impact on human life, affecting over 48 million people in the United States. Normally, healthy bone constantly undergoes remodeling, which helps heal minor micro-fractures caused by day-to-day activity and keeps bones strong. Osteoporosis affects remodeling, increasing the probability of fracture. One of the common treatments for osteoporosis is bisphosphonates. However, while it has been shown to improve osteoporosis, long-term bisphosphonate treatment creates the risk of generating micro-cracks and increases the chance of hip fractures. Both the disease and treatment cause a change in the porosity of the bone, and currently, there are no viable techniques that accurately measure changes in the bone porosity. Currently, two techniques are used to study the deterioration of bone, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT). Both techniques suffer from low resolution making micro-cracks in the bone difficult to detect. In addition, MRI and CT are not readily amenable to measuring the effects of day-to-day activity, load-bearing, and age on bone porosity, which would be needed to create a preventative treatment plan. In our proposed project we are investigating a novel visible-light imaging technique to study and differentiate a variety of bone porosity and micro-cracks. In our project, we will use a technique known as modulated photothermal radiometry (MPTR) that measures the porosity-dependent thermal conductivity of materials, such as bone. MPTR has two potential advantages over MRI and CT: 1) it uses visible light to study the deterioration of bone without harmful radiation, and 2) it is easier to implement in vivo with higher resolution. The work will have wide-reaching significance, both in the laboratory and in real life. Quantification of bone porosity and micro- cracks will improve the understanding of the effects of bone remodeling, a major issue in osteoporosis and other repetitive bone injuries.