The Influence of Sugary Beverage Taxes on Fast Food Restaurant Purchases: An Evaluation Using National Sales Data

项目摘要/摘要 该项目将研究税收对含糖饮料(SSB)利用的影响 美国最大的快餐零售商之一的详细销售数据。对SSB的税收是 最有希望的解决方案，以减少全人口对这些不健康饮料的消费， 因此，他们对肥胖和心血管疾病的健康挑战的贡献， 糖尿病和癌症。在以下情况下，SSB税减少了SSB的购买和消费 就像超市和其他食品店一样，覆盖了美国七个实施这些措施的城市。 然而，快餐店也是SSB的主要来源--超过三分之一的美国成年人 在任何一天吃快餐，通常包括一个SSB，在一家快餐店只喝一杯饮料 一家餐厅从添加糖中摄入的卡路里超过了推荐的每日摄入量 一份--还没有被研究过。核心假设是社会保障局的税收将减少 在快餐店购买SSB，在低收入人口普查地区影响更大，尽管 快餐店对消费者的税收转嫁不彻底。vbl.使用 研究估计，来自多个社区的详细销售数据和适当的比较小组 税后几年，社保局税收政策的影响是详细和因果的 实施。该模型是一种差异性方法，利用了以下事实 这些地区实施了税收，而(大多数)其他地区则没有。这项研究将考察以下地区的销售情况 在基准线(税前)相似，并确定它们在实施税收后如何偏离。这是 第一项以纵向方式严格审查全美社会保障局税收的研究，包括 数以千计的塔可贝尔零售店和数以亿计的购买量。全国范围内 数据和每个城市内实施税收的多家餐厅将允许估计 税收的影响是否因社区收入不同而不同，这对理解健康差距和 SSB税的递减性。 具体目标是： 目标1：确定快餐店支付的价格因SSB税(即， 有效的“传递”)。 目标2：确定单边带对每个客户订单购买的饮料卡路里的变化 税金。 目标3：确定社区特征，如所在地区的收入 餐厅的位置，影响传递和饮料卡路里的购买反应 上缴社会保障税。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This project will examine the impact of taxes on sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) utilizing detailed sales data from one of the largest fast food retailers in the U.S. Taxes on SSBs are one of the most promising solutions to reduce population-wide consumption of these unhealthful beverages and, consequently, their contribution to obesity and the health challenges of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. SSB taxes have reduced purchasing and consumption of SSBs in settings such as supermarkets and other food stores across the seven U.S. cities that have implemented them. However, fast food restaurants are also a key source of SSBs -- more than a third of U.S. adults consume fast food on any given day, often including an SSB, and a single beverage at a fast food restaurant contains more than the recommended daily allowance of calories from added sugars in just one serving – and have not been studied. The central hypothesis is that SSB taxes will reduce purchase of SSBs at fast food restaurants, with a greater impact in lower-income census tracts, despite less than complete “pass-through” of the tax to the consumer by the fast food restaurants. Using detailed sales data and appropriate comparison groups from multiple communities, the study estimates the influence of SSB tax policies in a detailed and causal way for several years after taxes are implemented. The model is a difference-in-difference approach, taking advantage of the fact that some locations implemented taxes and (most) others did not. The study will look at sales in localities that are similar at baseline (before taxes) and determine how they diverge after a tax is implemented. This is the first study to rigorously examine SSB taxes across the U.S. in a longitudinal manner, including thousands of retail locations for Taco Bell and hundreds of millions of purchases. The national scale of the data and multiple restaurants within each city that implemented a tax will allow estimation of whether effects of taxes differ by community income, critical to understanding health disparities and the regressive nature of SSB taxes. The specific aims are:  Aim 1: Determine the change in price paid in fast food restaurants as a result of SSB taxes (i.e., effective “pass-through”).  Aim 2: Determine the change in beverage calories purchased per customer order as a result of SSB taxes.  Aim 3: Determine how neighborhood characteristics, such as the income of the area in which a restaurant is located, influence both pass-through and beverage calories purchased in response to SSB taxes.