CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF OVARIAN CANCER IN LOS ANGELES

本研究的主要目的是调查饮食与 卵巢癌，并调查是否年龄在使用和'剂量'的 口服避孕药（OC）影响其对卵巢癌的保护作用， 癌这些目标将通过基于人群的病例对照来实现。 study.我们将使用基于数据库的方法处理750例病例- 对照组，含实验室成分（测量半乳糖 代谢）（见下文）。亲自组织 面试将按月进行， 提供法团相片集及其他辅助资料， 便于回忆。所有的病例都将盲目地使用诊断切片 由一位病理学家进行审查，以获得诊断的一致性。 将对OC的使用和其他选定的方面进行验证， 受试者的病史。 主要的饮食问题是动物（或饱和）脂肪的消费 和/或乳糖摄入量与卵巢癌风险呈正相关。 这些问题将通过验证的饮食频率来解决 问卷乳糖问题将进一步解决， 研究乳糖酶持久性和风险之间的关系， 通过研究半乳糖代谢。将调查乳糖酶缺乏症 通过问卷调查的方法，对所有科目， 实际乳糖酶缺乏症的问题将在 一份对照样本。血清半乳糖直接作用于卵巢， 被认为是乳糖与 卵巢癌的风险;这是研究的原因 半乳糖代谢 卵巢癌的流行病学研究进展 提供了相当有力的证据表明，更年期的年龄是有效的， 与卵巢癌风险无关。这一点和其他观察表明， 已知的OC对卵巢癌的保护作用可能是 与OC剂量和使用年龄相关，提供了OC剂量和使用年龄之间的真实的区分 卵巢癌的“病因学”的各种假说。我们会调查的 进一步收集OC品牌和使用年限的详细数据，以及 将发现的保护与怀孕的保护作用联系起来， 不同年龄深入了解法团所提供的保障 由于许多原因，它是重要的，特别是至关重要的是， 了解现代低剂量OC是否继续提供显著的 保护女性免受这一重要癌症的侵害。

The main aims of this study are to investigate the relation of diet to ovarian cancer, and to investigate whether the age at use and 'dose' of oral contraceptives (OCs) affects their protective effect against ovarian cancer. These aims will be accomplished by a population-based case-control study. We will be using a questionnaire-based approach with 750 case- control pairs, with a laboratory component (measuring galactose metabolism) for 50% of the subjects (see below). In-person structured interviews will be conducted using a month by month calendar for reproductive events with a photograph album of OCs and other aids to facilitate recall. All cases will have their diagnostic slides blindly reviewed by a single pathologist to attain uniformity of diagnosis. Validation will be undertaken of OC use and other selected aspects of the subjects' medical histories. The main dietary issues are whether animal (or saturated) fat consumption and/or lactose consumption are positively related to ovarian cancer risk. These questions will be addressed by a validated dietary food frequency questionnaire. The lactose issue will be further addressed by investigating the relationship between lactase persistence and risk, and by studying galactose metabolism. Lactase deficiency will be investigated on all subjects through a questionnaire approach, and the relationship of the questions asked to actual lactase deficiency will be investigated in a sample of controls. Serum galactose acting directly on the ovary has been proposed as the mechanism of the proposed relationship of lactose consumption to ovarian cancer risk; this is the reason for studying galactose metabolism. A recent overview of a number of epidemiological studies of ovarian cancer provided quite strong evidence that age at menopause is effectively unrelated to ovarian cancer risk. This, and other observations suggesting that the known protective effects of OCs against ovarian cancer may be related to OC dose and age at use, provides real discrimination between various hypotheses of ovarian cancer 'etiology'. We will investigate this further by collecting detailed data on OC brand and age at use, and relating the protection found to the protective effects of pregnancies at various ages. An in-depth understanding of the protection afforded by OCs is important for many reasons, in particular it is vitally important to know whether modem low-dose OCs are continuing to provide significant protection against this important cancer of women.