LEGAL INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE TOBACCO USE

申请人建议制作十二份法律政策文件，内容涉及 最有效的法律战略是各州、市政当局、卫生部门 保险公司和公共卫生/利益集团可以寻求减少烟草 使用和减少青少年获得烟草产品的机会，申请人建议 撰写经过仔细研究和权威的法律政策文件 授予地方政府机构的权力范围--然后确定 六个州，反映了目前地方政府的做法范围 立法和监管--并研究每项立法和监管的七个关键问题 六个州；每个州的地方政府机构的来源 六个州获得了限制和控制烟草销售和使用的权力； 禁止烟草广告牌和出租车车顶广告；禁止在公共场所吸烟 S餐厅等区域；禁止烟草制品自立式展示； 禁止抽样；禁止自动售货机；以及合规性检查的使用。 全州范围的报销法律政策研究州和健康保险公司 正开始起诉烟草行业要求赔偿 将戒烟和健康费用转嫁给相关费用 戒烟疗法和烟草引起的疾病 向烟草公司订阅健康计划的人，提高了 烟草产品和减少消费，特别是年轻人的消费。 然而，烟草行业已经启动了符合宪法和程序的 旨在破坏这一战略的攻击。调查人员建议 就三种可能的战略：国家的可行性编写政策文件 利用消费者保护法和普通法理论收回烟草- 造成医疗费用；州政府起诉烟草公司的能力 由烟草引起的疾病引起的医疗费用由 医疗补助和团体健康保险账户；私人健康权 保险公司取得该等赔偿；而申请人亦会调查 优化设计州立法的宪法有效性，以 加强医疗保险报销的法律程序 烟草行业的成本。 全州消费者保护法律政策研究调查人员将 为国家当局提供打击非法行为的法律手段 广告和销售；审查消费者保护法， 为作为私人律师的公民采取法律行动提供权力 总检察长提起的全州范围的集体诉讼和/或总检察长提起的诉讼 责令广告非法和不公平地瞄准目标的烟草公司 未成年人、妇女和少数群体，并需要矫正的公共教育 由独立第三方控制的竞选活动；以及研究 国家、父母和公共利益团体追求法律的能力 根据消费者保护法对销售商品的零售商采取行动 给孩子们的香烟。拟议的研究将使执行 将对公众健康产生重大影响的政策。

Applicant proposes to produce a series of twelve legal policy papers on the most effective legal strategies that states, municipalities, health insurers, and public health/interest groups can pursue to reduce tobacco use and curtail youth access to tobacco products, applicants propose to produce carefully researched and authoritative legal policy papers on the scope of authority granted to local governmental bodies -- then identify six states which reflect the current range of approaches to local legislation and regulation -- and examine seven key issues for each of the six stat es; sources from which local governmental bodies in each of the six states derive the power to restrict and control tobacco sale and use; bans of tobacco billboards and taxi roof ads; bans on smoking in public areas such s restaurants; bans of free-standing tobacco product displays; bans of sampling; vending machine bans;. and the use of compliance checks. Statewide Reimbursement Legal Policy Research States and health insurers are beginning to sue for reimbursement from the tobacco industry for smoking cessation and health expenses to transfer the costs associated with cessation therapies and tobacco-induced illnesses from the states and health plan subscribers to the tobacco companies, increasing the price of tobacco products and reducing consumption, especially consumption by youth. The tobacco industry has, however, launched constitutional and procedural attacks designed to de rail this strategy. Investigators propose to produce policy papers on the viability of three possible strategic: states' use of consumer protection laws and common law theories to recoup tobacco- caused medical costs; states' ability to sue tobacco companies for the medical expenditures caused by tobacco-induced diseases paid from the Medicaid and group health insurance accounts; the right of private health insurers to obtain such recovery; and applicants will also investigate the optimal design an constitutional validity of state legislation that would strengthen legal procedures for obtaining such reimbursement of health car costs from the tobacco industry. Statewide Consumer Protection Legal Policy Research Investigators will provide state authorities with the legal means to combat illegal advertising and sales by; examining consumer protection law that may provide authority for legal action by citizens acting as private attorneys general, a statewide class action and/or action by attorneys general to enjoin tobacco companies whose advertising unlawfully and unfairly targets minors, women and minorities, and require corrective public education campaigns controlled by independent third parties; and researching athe ability of states, parents and public interest groups to pursue legal action under consumer protection laws against retailers that sell cigarettes to children. The proposed research will enable implementation of policies which will greatly impact public health.