MECHANISMS OF SPEECH MOTOR CONTROL

拟议研究的总体目标仍然是确定 语音的基本控制过程和基本组织原则 生产本提案扩大了以前的提案， 项目包括一组合作者，共同将带来 多样和互补的技能和理论方法， 一些与语言运动控制相关的基本问题。的 研究的动机是两个基本假设。第一，演讲的产生 是一种特殊的行为，根据一般原则运作 运动行为。因此，言语运动控制和 协调提供了对基本神经系统重要了解 原则及其任务依赖的适应性。二是为 评估言语运动系统的潜在中枢组织， 将联合收割机的实证研究与详细的建模相结合是必要的。的 我们采用的方法是模型研究与实证研究相结合 测试关于中央控制的假设。这样才 可以将生理控制信号与其余信号分离 生物物理系统。 建议研究的具体目标是：1）确定学位 的自由，下巴，嘴唇和舌头，以表征如何运动， 不同的自由度在这些中的每一个内被协调 发音，并确定相关的肌电图模式 with these basic基本motions动作.并将实验数据与计算机进行了比较 基于平衡点（EP）假设的模拟， 运动学和肌电的明确预测 模式. 2)为了确定咬合架间协调的模式， 函数主成分分析（Ramsay & Dalzell，1991）。的 分析的重点是运动之间的运动学协变模式 的下巴，嘴唇和舌头在其每个自由度。3） 检查下颌、嘴唇和 语言与语音的关系实证目标转移研究和研究 检查关节的位置， 运动方向与建模研究进行比较，以确定 中央命令、工作空间几何图形和 咬合架动力学到每个咬合架的咬合架内协同咬合 嘴唇下巴和舌头4)继续发展生理模型 包括更多生理相关的组件， 该模型，并纳入数据从肌电图，运动学， 生物力学研究最后，从所有收集到的数据 这项研究的组成部分将用于扩大目前的 包括嘴唇和舌头的下颌运动的生理模型，以及 最后是动态的互动。

The overall objective of the proposed research continues to be to identify basic control processes and fundamental organizing principles for speech production. The present proposal reflects an expansion of the previous project by including a group of collaborators that together will bring diverse and complementary skills and theoretical approaches to bear on some fundamental problems associated with speech motor control. The research is motivated by two basic assumptions. First, speech production is a specialized behavior that functions according to general principles of motor behavior. Thus, investigations of speech movement control and coordination provide important insight into fundamental nervous system principles and their task-dependent adaptations. Second, in order to assess the underlying central organization of the speech motor system, it is necessary to combine empirical studies with detailed modeling. The approach we are taking combines modeling studies with empirical studies which test assumptions about central control. Only in this way is it possible to separate the physiological control signals from the remainder of the biophysical system. The specific aims of the proposed research are: l) To identify the degrees of freedom for jaw, lips and tongue, to characterize how motions in different degrees of freedom are coordinated within each of these articulators , and to identify the electromyographic patterns associated with these basic motions. Empirical data are compared with computer simulations based on the equilibrium point (EP) hypothesis, which makes explicit predictions of both motion kinematics and electromyographic patterns. 2) To determine patterns of inter-articulator coordination based on functional principal component analyses (Ramsay & Dalzell, 1991). The analysis focuses on the patterns of kinematic co-variation among motions of the jaw, lips and tongue in each of their degrees of freedom .3) To examine the sensitivity of intra-articulator motions of the jaw, lips, and tongue to phonetic context. Empirical target shift studies and studies that examine the positions of articulators, and the magnitude and direction of motions are compared with modeling studies to determine the relative contributions of central commands, workspace geometry and articulator dynamics to intra-articulator coarticulation of each of the lips, jaw and tongue. 4) To continue development of a physiological model of jaw movement by including more physiologically-relevant components to the model and incorporating data from the EMG, kinematic, and biomechanical investigations. Finally the data collected in from all components of this research will be used to expand the current physiological model of jaw motion to include the lips and tongue and ultimately their dynamic interaction.