AERODYNAMIC AND ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS OF CHILDREN'S VOIC

提出的研究的长期目标是研究选定的 空气动力学和声学测量，以确定声源和 儿童与成人呼吸功能的差异 演讲。这种类型的儿童数据有限；然而， 声音和呼吸功能的采集和解释 儿童的特点已经在帮助建立全面的 语音产生模型，并已被用作 儿童语言障碍。这项研究的具体目标是 评估儿童和成人在以下方面的差异：a)喉部瓣膜 在语音产生过程中，b)声音和输出的频谱特征 功能，c)呼吸系统和喉系统的相互作用，d) 基频与声压级之间的关系。 每项拟议的研究将包括180名受试者：24-，6-， 8岁、10岁、12岁、14岁、16岁、18岁以及20名成年人，其中10名为女性 每年龄组10名男性。所有受试者都将接受正常筛查 言语、声音、语言和听力。此外，它们将是必需的 说普通的北美方言，不会有太大的健康 问题，在测试当天没有过敏或感冒，并有 没有专业的发声训练。用于评估喉部和喉部的方法 呼吸功能包括同时的空气动力学和声学功能 技巧。口腔平均空气流量和口腔内空气压力的测量 将被用于估计经喉部的气流和气管压力。 将对宽带频率气流波形进行反滤波以评估 最大气流开放商法测量喉功能 流量下降率，内收和交替时的最小流量 声门气流。声学测量将包括基频， 声压级、声源频谱、共振峰频率和带宽。 呼吸功能测量将包括容量位移和 估计气管压力。这项研究设计将是一个重复的 测量对象间两个变量的方差分析 年龄(儿童与成人)和性别(女性与男性)的因素。 发声强度和/或言语任务将是 所有的实验。

The long-term objective of the research proposed is to study selected aerodynamic and acoustic measures to determine voice source and respiratory function differences between children and adults during speech. There is limited data of this type for children; yet, the collection and interpretation of voice and respiratory function characteristics of children is already aiding in building comprehensive models of speech production and is already in use as comparison data for disorders of children's speech. Specific goals of the research are to evaluate differences between children and adults on: a) laryngeal valving during speech production, b) spectral characteristics of voice and output function, c) respiratory and laryngeal systems interactions, d) relationships between fundamental frequency and sound pressure level. Each of the proposed studies will include 180 subjects: twenty 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-, 16-, 18-year olds, and twenty adults, with 10 females and 10 males in each age group. All subjects will be screened for normal speech, voice, language and hearing. Additionally, they will be required to speak general North American dialect, present no major health problems, be free from allergies or colds on the day of testing, and have no professional voice training. The methods used to assess laryngeal and respiratory function include simultaneous aerodynamic and acoustic techniques. Measures of average oral airflow and intraoral air pressure will be used to estimate translaryngeal airflow and tracheal pressure. A wide-band frequency airflow waveform will be inverse filtered to assess laryngeal function through measures of airflow open quotient, maximum flow declination rate, minimum flow during adduction and alternating glottal air flow. Acoustic measures will include fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, source spectra, formant frequencies and bandwidths. Respiratory function measures will include volume displacements and estimation of tracheal pressure. The research design will be a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance with two between subject factors of age (child versus adult) and gender (female versus male). Vocal intensity and/or speech task will be the within subject factor for all experiments.