VISCERAL NEURAXIS IN HOMEOSTASIS

哺乳动物大脑的内脏神经轴是一个神经网络， 调节体内平衡的连接。它可以被定义 神经解剖学上通过其与自主神经系统的连接， 室周器官和脑垂体以及通过 中间原子核的相互连接。室周器官， 它们缺乏血脑屏障， 体液因素的位点，以及内脏感觉传入的 周围神经系统构成了网络的感觉侧。的 运动成分是自主神经系统、内分泌系统和 自我平衡行为该项目的长期目标是 定义和理解内脏器官组成部分的运作 神经轴有助于产生摄食行为， 特定的行为状态和将其转化为健康的因素 损害行为或改变的生理状态，伴随 肥胖，精神分裂症，高血压，心因性烦渴，应激 溃疡和原发性高钠血症。一个主要的目标是从具体的地图 腹部器官通过几个顺序的神经连接， 跨突触病毒示踪剂前脑核，以确定和比较 驱动特定器官部位的自主神经组织 功能，并确定如何改变这种标记时，大鼠 切断迷走神经以消除进入大脑的副交感神经通路。的 病毒标记的神经元将通过双标记进一步表征 用于比较不同腹部器官的神经肽。 第二个目标是类似地从脑垂体后叶映射 用病毒对前脑核团进行二、三级鉴定 神经元传入输入，并进一步表征这种输入的双重 标记神经肽。上述目标允许一个更完整的 建立前脑的自主和内分泌区， 与特定外周器官的关系（由于其强大的特性 的跨突触传递）和它们的比较，以确定差异 in circuit电路organization组织.此外，还可以绘制 通常未标记的下丘脑区域，以确定潜在的神经 自我平衡行为的基质。第三个目标是描述 超微结构水平PRV穿过的突触类型， 是否存在对不同蜂窝位置的任何偏好， 突触以及这是否因注射的不同器官而异， 不同的神经元顺序或不同的神经肽含量。

The visceral neuraxis of the mammalian brain is a network of neural connections that mediates homeostasis. it can be defined neuroanatomically by its connections to the autonomic nervous system, to circumventricular organs and to the pituitary gland as well as by interconnections of intervening nuclei. The circumventricular organs, which lack a blood brain barrier making them putative central receptor sites for humoral factors, and the visceral sensory afferents of the peripheral nervous system make up the sensory side of the network. The motor components are the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system and homeostatic behavior. The long term objectives of this project are to define and understand the operation of the components of the visceral neuraxis contributing to the generation of ingestive behaviors and specific behavioral states and the factors which convert them into health damaging behaviors or altered physiological states that accompany obesity, schizophrenia, hypertension, psychogenic polydipsia, stress ulcers, and essential hypernatremia. A major aim is to map from specific abdominal organs across several orders of neural connections using transsynaptic viral tracers to forebrain nuclei to determine and compare the autonomic neural organization of sites driving specific organ function and determine how this labeling is altered when rats are vagotomized to eliminate the parasympathetic route into the brain. The viral labeled neurons will be further characterized by double labeling for neuropeptides for comparison among the different abdominal organs. The second aim is to similarly map from the posterior pituitary gland using virus to forebrain nuclei to determine its second and third order neuronal afferent input and to further characterize this input by double labeling for neuropeptides. The above aims permit a more complete establishment of autonomic and endocrine areas of the forebrain with relation to specific peripheral organs (because of the powerful property of transsynaptic transfer) and their comparison to determine differences in circuit organization. in addition it will be possible to map the commonly unlabeled areas of the hypothalamus to identify potential neural substrate for homeostatic behaviors. The third aim is to characterize at the ultrastructural level the types of synapses that PRV crosses and whether there is any preference for the different cellular locations of synapses and whether this varies with different organs injected, different neuronal order or different neuropeptide content of neurons.