RNA EDITING IN PLANT ORGANELLES

RNA编辑可以通过改变编码来深刻地影响基因表达 成绩单的能力。RNA编辑已在文字记录中报道 来自锥虫、高等植物和哺乳动物等生物体。在……里面 人类，RNA编辑对于某些基因的正确表达是必要的 大脑和肠道。这道工序负责生产 来自同一基因的两种不同的载脂蛋白； 这些蛋白中的一种与冠状动脉疾病相关，异常 RNA编辑可能会产生严重的健康后果。它是 很可能还有对人类基因转录本进行RNA编辑的例子 仍有待发现。我们建议研究植物中的RNA编辑 细胞器作为理解这一基本过程的模型，可以 控制基因表达。像哺乳动物一样，植物细胞器的编辑会导致 核苷酸的修饰而不是插入核苷酸 这发生在锥虫和其他有机体中。中的编辑活动 叶绿体和线粒体可能有相同的特征，甚至是相同的。一个 神秘的高级遗传密码可能会指定哪些核苷酸是 通过编辑过程进行更改。RNA的结构要求 编辑将在体内通过引入叶绿体和 线粒体RNA转化为瞬时稳定转化的叶绿体 通过粒子轰击获得。在获得有关RNA底物的信息后 将进行研究，以表征这些成分 编辑活动的一部分。为了了解是否有一种机制 阻止未完全编辑的转录本合成蛋白质，或 未编辑的RNA的翻译是否会导致多种变异蛋白， 我们将分离出两种线粒体蛋白并对其进行鉴定 彻底地。为了确定编辑是否在基因调控中发挥作用， 我们将进行实验，以确定是否编辑特定的 基因是特定于组织的。

RNA editing can profoundly affect gene expression by altering the coding capacity of a transcript. RNA editing has been reported in transcripts from such organisms as trypanosomes, higher plants, and mammals. In humans, RNA editing is necessary for proper expression of certain genes in the brain and intestine. This process is responsible for the production of two different apolipoproteins from the same gene; as the abundance of one of these proteins is correlated with coronary artery disease, aberrant RNA editing could potentially have serious health consequences. It is likely that additional examples of RNA editing of human gene transcripts remain to be discovered. We propose to study RNA editing in plant organelles as a model for understanding this fundamental process that can control gene expression. Like mammals, plant organelle editing results in the modification of nucleotides rather than the insertion of nucleotides that occurs in trypanosomes and other organisms. The editing activity in chloroplasts and mitochondria may share features or even be identical. A cryptic higher-level genetic code may be specifying which nucleotides are to be altered by the editing process. Structural requirements for RNA editing will be examined in vivo by introduction of chloroplast and mitochondrial RNAs into transiently and stably transformed chloroplasts obtained by particle bombardment. After information about RNA substrate is available, studies will be carried out to characterize the components of the editing activity. To learn whether there is a mechanism that prevents synthesis of proteins from incompletely edited transcripts, or whether translation of unedited RNAs results in multiple variant proteins, we will isolate two mitochondrial proteins and characterize them thoroughly. To determine whether editing has a role in gene regulation, we will perform experiments to determine whether editing of particular genes is tissue-specific.