PREDICTING PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT TO ABORTION

确定将女性置于危险境地的因素 流产后的心理痛苦和促进长期的 对堕胎的适应是重要的心理健康问题。主要目标是 本研究的目的是提出并检验调整的理论模型 在压力和应对框架内堕胎。我们假设 流产后立即的痛苦程度是两个因素的函数 近端认知评估：流产的程度 被评估为对自我的重要方面构成威胁，并被感知 应对流产的自我效能感。在多大程度上 堕胎被评估为威胁被假设为以下函数 它与重要的个人目标、态度的冲突程度 或自我观点，和/或重要的社会关系。自我效能感 应对堕胎被假设为一种感知的功能 个人资源(如自尊、乐观)和社会资源 (例如，社会支持)。我们假设痛苦的强度 堕胎后立即经历的以及堕胎前的经历 应对方式的威胁性和自我效能感评价，意志独立 预测女性用来应对女性心理压力的具体措施 对堕胎的长期情绪反应。此外，我们 假设之前的痛苦水平，应对努力的类型， 被用来管理这种痛苦，以及发生的中间事件 流产后(例如，身体并发症、受孕困难 在需要时)将决定对堕胎的长期调整。次要的 本研究的目的是：(1)探讨男性伴侣在 堕胎经验，(2)探讨反堕胎的影响 在诊所就妇女对堕胎的适应问题进行纠察，以及(3) 检查感知到的个人和社会冲突的程度 怀孕和为人父母，以及评估的怀孕和父母的威胁- 胡德是堕胎后调整的独立预测因子。一个 600例早孕流产妇女与240例流产妇女的纵向研究 建议由男性伴侣陪同。在以下日期前一小时内 堕胎、个人/社会资源、个人/社会资源的衡量 冲突、威胁评估和应对自我效能的判断 随着堕胎的进行将获得。伤势将在三点测量 时间点：流产后约30-60分钟，为期三周 在流产后两年进行随访。在后两个时间 还将评估以下时期：积极的幸福感，具体 已被用来处理情绪反应的应对努力 堕胎，这些努力的有效性，以及干预 事件。男性伴侣的反应，以及对纠察的客观评分， 将在堕胎当天在诊所获得。

The identification of factors that place women "at risk" for the experience of post-abortion psychological distress and that promote long-term adjustment to abortion are important mental health issues. The primary aim of this research is to propose and test a theoretical model of adjustment to abortion within a stress and coping framework. We hypothesize that level of distress immediately following abortion is a function of two proximal cognitive appraisals: the extent to which the abortion is appraised as threatening to important aspects of self, and perceived self-efficacy for coping with the abortion. The extent to which the abortion is appraised as threatening is hypothesized to be a function of the extent to which it conflicts with important personal goals, attitudes or self-views, and/or important social relationships. Self-efficacy for coping with the abortion is hypothesized to be a function of perceived personal resources (e.g., self-esteem, optimism) and social resources (e.g., social support). We hypothesize that the intensity of distress experienced immediately subsequent to the abortion, as well as pre-abortion appraisals of threat and self-efficacy for coping, will independently predict the specific coping efforts that women employ to deal with their longer-term emotional reactions to the abortion. In addition, we hypothesize that prior levels of distress, the types of coping efforts that are employed to manage this distress, and intervening events that occur after the abortion (e.g., physical complications, difficulty in conceiving when desired) will determine long-term adjustment to abortion. Secondary aims of this research are: (1) to explore the role of the male partner in the abortion experience, (2) to explore the impact of anti-abortion picketing at the clinic on women's adjustment to abortion, and (3) to examine the extent to which perceived personal and social conflicts about pregnancy and parenthood, and the appraised threat of pregnancy and parent- hood, are independent predictors of post-abortion adjustment. A longitudinal study of 600 women undergoing first-trimester abortion and 240 male partners who accompany them is proposed. Within one hour prior to having an abortion, measures of personal/social resources, personal/social conflict, appraisals of threat, and judgments of self-efficacy for coping with the abortion will be obtained. Distress will be measured at three time points: approximately 30-60 min post-abortion, at a three-week follow-up visit, and at two years post-abortion. At the latter two time periods the following will also be assessed: positive well-being, specific coping efforts that have been employed to deal with emotional reactions to the abortion, the perceived effectiveness of those efforts, and intervening events. Responses of male partners, and objective ratings of picketing, will be obtained at the clinic on the day of the abortion.