VISCERAL NEURAXIS IN HOMEOSTASIS

哺乳动物大脑的内脏神经轴是一个神经网络。 调节动态平衡的连接。它可以被定义为 神经解剖学上，通过它与自主神经系统的连接， 脑室周围器官和脑下垂体以及通过 中间核之间的相互联系。脑室周围器官， 它们缺乏血脑屏障，因此可能是中枢受体 体液因子的部位，以及内脏感觉传入 外周神经系统构成了该网络的感觉侧。这个 运动的组成部分是自主神经系统、内分泌系统和 动态平衡行为。这项计划的长期目标是 定义并理解内脏各组成部分的运作 神经轴参与摄食行为的产生和 特定的行为状态及其转化为健康的因素 伴随而来的破坏性行为或改变的生理状态 肥胖、精神分裂症、高血压、心因性多饮、压力 溃疡和特发性高钠血症。一个主要目标是从特定的 腹部器官跨多个级别的神经连接使用 前脑核团跨突触病毒示踪剂的测定和比较 驱动特定器官的部位的自主神经组织 功能，并确定这种标记是如何改变的 切断迷走神经以消除进入大脑的副交感神经通路。这个 病毒标记的神经元将进一步通过双重标记来表征 用于比较不同腹部器官之间的神经肽。 第二个目标是类似地从脑下垂体后叶映射 用病毒标记前脑核团确定其二级和三级 神经元传入输入，并用Double来进一步刻画这种输入 神经肽的标记。上述目标允许更完整的 大鼠前脑自主神经和内分泌区的建立 与特定的外周器官的关系(因为强大的属性 跨突触转移)以及它们的比较以确定差异 在电路组织中。此外，还可以将 下丘脑常见的未标记区域以识别潜在的神经 动态平衡行为的底物。第三个目标是在 超微结构水平PRV跨越的突触类型和 是否对不同的蜂窝位置有任何偏好 以及这些突触是否会因注射不同的器官而不同， 神经元排列顺序不同或神经细胞神经肽含量不同。

The visceral neuraxis of the mammalian brain is a network of neural connections that mediates homeostasis. it can be defined neuroanatomically by its connections to the autonomic nervous system, to circumventricular organs and to the pituitary gland as well as by interconnections of intervening nuclei. The circumventricular organs, which lack a blood brain barrier making them putative central receptor sites for humoral factors, and the visceral sensory afferents of the peripheral nervous system make up the sensory side of the network. The motor components are the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system and homeostatic behavior. The long term objectives of this project are to define and understand the operation of the components of the visceral neuraxis contributing to the generation of ingestive behaviors and specific behavioral states and the factors which convert them into health damaging behaviors or altered physiological states that accompany obesity, schizophrenia, hypertension, psychogenic polydipsia, stress ulcers, and essential hypernatremia. A major aim is to map from specific abdominal organs across several orders of neural connections using transsynaptic viral tracers to forebrain nuclei to determine and compare the autonomic neural organization of sites driving specific organ function and determine how this labeling is altered when rats are vagotomized to eliminate the parasympathetic route into the brain. The viral labeled neurons will be further characterized by double labeling for neuropeptides for comparison among the different abdominal organs. The second aim is to similarly map from the posterior pituitary gland using virus to forebrain nuclei to determine its second and third order neuronal afferent input and to further characterize this input by double labeling for neuropeptides. The above aims permit a more complete establishment of autonomic and endocrine areas of the forebrain with relation to specific peripheral organs (because of the powerful property of transsynaptic transfer) and their comparison to determine differences in circuit organization. in addition it will be possible to map the commonly unlabeled areas of the hypothalamus to identify potential neural substrate for homeostatic behaviors. The third aim is to characterize at the ultrastructural level the types of synapses that PRV crosses and whether there is any preference for the different cellular locations of synapses and whether this varies with different organs injected, different neuronal order or different neuropeptide content of neurons.