HIV RISK REDUCTION FOR INCARCERATED WOMEN

描述(改编自《摘要》)：被监禁的妇女 以贫困、吸毒和高犯罪率为特征的地理区域 性传播疾病(STD)有感染艾滋病毒的风险，因为 吸毒和无保护的性行为是商业性和非商业性行为的结果 合伙人。被监禁妇女中报告的艾滋病毒血清阳性率 全国范围内从3.2%的低点到35%的高点不等，更高的 来自性病和艾滋病毒高发区的报告百分比 与注射吸毒或吸毒和异性恋有关的感染 变速箱。来自美国各地监狱和监狱的数据也显示， 女性囚犯的血清阳性率高于她们被监禁的人 男性同龄人。在本修订申请书中，校长 调查员建议：(1)实施和评估八届会议 基于社会认知理论(SCT)的HIV风险降低干预 和性别与权力理论(TGP)，其中包括150名被监禁的妇女；(2) 将干预措施与平行生活技能(LS)干预措施进行比较 它专注于相同的技能，但目标是通过 相当于150名被监禁妇女的样本；(3)评估扩散到 150名女性的样本，她们没有接受任何一种干预，但 住在靠近参加实验的妇女的地方 干预措施；(4)将结果与仅提供信息的对照进行比较 150名被监禁妇女组成的小组；和(5)进行纵向 通过对这些妇女出院后18个月的跟踪评估 监狱评估干预措施的比较影响 妇女重新融入社区。《调查者》的假设 基于SCT/TGP的HIV风险降低干预将会(1) 提高妇女对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的知识、自我效能、态度 对于预防，支持使用避孕套的态度，对社会的看法 支持预防性行为、对脆弱性的看法，以及 避孕套使用技能，(2)较低的避孕套使用障碍感知；(3) 在监狱生产更多的避孕套兑换优惠券 医务室；和(4)较低的无保护性行为比率。 他们被监禁，并在获释后重返社区 通过18个月的跟踪期比LS更大程度上， 扩散，或信息条件。此外，《调查员》 预测(1)在角色扮演中评估的改进的社交能力技能 SCT和LS参与者相对于扩散和 仅限于信息的条件，以及(2)扩散到监狱人口中 这反映在纸和铅笔上幅度较小的变化上 由居住在接待者附近的妇女完成的措施 实验干预。此外，她还假设， SCT/TPR和LS干预将降低百万冲动的得分 控制子规模并在更大程度上减少共用针头 要么是扩散条件，要么是纯信息条件。通过实验 评估理论驱动的风险降低的影响 干预，将其结果与平行的技能培训进行比较 与艾滋病毒或艾滋病无关的干预措施和纯信息对照 情况下，这项研究的研究人员将评估 在教养所提供的项目推广到监狱 人口。最后，在他们18个月的纵向评估中 监狱释放后，研究人员将确定在多大程度上 参与每一种情况都与降低风险有关 放生后的行为回到社区。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Abstract): Incarcerated women in geographic areas characterized by poverty, drug use, and high rates of sexually-transmitted diseases (STD's) are at risk for HIV infection as a result of drug use and unprotected sex as commercial and non-commercial partners. Reported HIV seroprevalence rates among incarcerated women across the country vary from a low of 3.2% to a high of 35%, with higher percentages reported from areas that have high rates of STD's and HIV infection associated with injection drug or crack use and heterosexual transmission. Data from prisons and jails across the US also reveal that female inmates are seropositive at higher rates than their incarcerated male counterparts. In this revised application the Principal Investigator proposes to: (1) implement and evaluate an eight-session HIV-risk reduction intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Theory of Gender and Power (TGP) with 150 incarcerated women; (2) compare the intervention against a parallel life skills (LS) intervention that is focused on the same skills but is targeted on drug use with an equivalent sample of 150 incarcerated women; (3) assess diffusion into a sample of 150 women who do not receive either intervention but are housed in proximity to women who participate in the experimental interventions; (4) compare outcome against an information-only control group of 150 incarcerated women; and (5) conduct a longitudinal evaluation by following the women for 18 months after their release from prison to assess the comparative impact of the interventions during the women's reintegrations into the community. The Investigator hypothesizes that the HIV risk reduction intervention based on SCT/TGP will (1) increase the women's knowledge of HIV/AIDS, self-efficacy, attitudes toward prevention, attitudes favoring condom use, perceptions of social support for precautionary behavior, perceptions of vulnerability, and condom use skills, (2) lower perceptions of barriers to condom use; (3) produce greater exchange of condom redemption coupons at the prison infirmary; and (4) lower rates of unprotected sexual activity during their incarceration and after their release back into the community through an 18-month follow-up period to a greater extent than the LS, Diffusion, or Information conditions. In addition, the Investigator predicts (1) improved social competency skills assessed in role play simulations for the SCT and LS participants relative to the diffusion and information-only conditions, and (2) diffusion into the prison population that is reflected by changes of lower magnitude on paper-and-pencil measures completed by women housed in proximity to the women receiving the experimental interventions. Additionally, she hypothesizes that both the SCT/TPR and LS interventions will lower scores on the Million Impulse Control subscale and reduce needle-sharing to a greater extent than either the diffusion or information only conditions. By experimentally evaluating the impact of a theoretically-driven risk reduction intervention, comparing its outcome against a parallel skills training intervention unrelated to HIV or AIDS and an information-only control condition, the researchers in this study will assess the extent to which programs delivered in correctional facilities generalize into the prison population. Finally, in their longitudinal assessment for 18-months after prison release the researchers will identify the extent to which participation in each condition is associated with risk reduction behavior after release back into the community.