NEURONAL ORGANIZATION IN SIMPLE NERVOUS SYSTEMS

这项提议的长期目标是了解神经元 通过简单的紧张情绪产生行为的组织 系统。为了实现这一目标，我们将使用电压敏感染料 当行为时监测大部分神经元的成像技术 都是生成的。我们计划研究两种软体动物神经节，海兔 腹神经节和悬臂肠神经节。 我们已经发现在海兔体内大约有300个神经元被激活 腹神经节在两种退鳃行为中的作用 70%的活跃神经元在这两种行为中都被激活。这 提示在这个区域内可能存在一个大型的分布式神经元网络 神经节。 对于海兔，我们计划在正常情况下监测大部分神经元 并改变了行为。它有四个具体目标：一是测试三个 我们的初步研究提出了可能的神经元组织模型 数据。II.研究不同行为的神经元是如何共享的 事件III.考察诱发行为和事件之间的相互作用 内在节律和两种行为之间在时间上开始接近。四、 来研究当单个神经元的活动 并在神经节中找到重要的中间神经元。有了这些 我们将试图了解这个神经节中的神经元组织 以及单个神经元在大规模和广泛的相互作用中的作用 相互连接的神经元网络。我们还将研究 这个更简单的神经系统和探索假想的“暂时” 仅在特定行为期间形成的“回路”。 我们还计划研究一种较小的神经系统--CLONE肠道 神经节。这个神经节已经在我们的初步实验中得到了评估 对于光学监测所有神经元来说可能是独一无二的 行为。关于这一新的准备工作，提出了两个具体目标： 结合电压敏感识别神经节中的所有神经元 染料成像和相位对比度增强。神经元将通过以下方式识别 不同发育阶段的形态特征和活动模式 行为。二、研究神经元电活动的变化 硬件各不相同。我们发现在数量上有很大的变化。 这个神经节中的神经元。我们将尝试研究神经元活动是如何 当神经元缺失或有多余的神经元时，模式就会改变。

The long term objective of this proposal is to understand the neuronal organization that underlies the generation of behaviors by simple nervous systems. To accomplish this goal, we will use voltage sensitive dyes imaging techniques to monitor a large fraction of neurons when behaviors are generated. We plan to study two molluscan ganglia, the Aplysia abdominal ganglion and the Clione intestinal ganglion. We have found that about 300 neurons are activated in the Aplysia abdominal ganglion during two kinds of gill withdrawal behaviors and about 70 per cent of the active neurons are activated in both behaviors. This suggests there may be a large distributed neuronal network in this ganglion. For Aplysia, we plan to monitor a large fraction of neurons during normal and altered behaviors. There are four specific aims: I. To test three models for possible neuronal organization suggested by our preliminary data. II. To examine how neurons are shared by different behavioral events III. To examine the interaction between evoked behavior and intrinsic rhythms and between two behaviors initiated close in time. IV. To study how system changes when the activity of individual neurons is modified and to find important interneurons in the ganglion. With these aims we will try to understand the neuronal organization in this ganglion and the role of individual neurons in a large and extensively inter- connected neuronal network. We will also examine the dynamic behavior of this simpler nervous system and explore the hypothetical "temporary circuits" which forms only during specific behaviors. We also plan to study a smaller nervous system-- the Clione intestinal ganglion. This ganglion has been evaluated in our preliminary experiment and may be unique for optically monitoring all the neurons during behaviors. Two specific aims are proposed on this new preparation: I. To identify all the neurons in the ganglion by combining voltage sensitive dye imaging and phase contrast enhancement. Neurons will be identified by both morphological features and the activity patterns during different behaviors. II. To study how neuronal activity changes when the neuronal hardware varies. We have found that there are a large variations in number of neurons in this ganglion. We will try to examine how neuronal activity patterns change when neurons are missing or there are extra neurons.