SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CONTROL OF TARGETED LIMB MOVEMENTS

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：本体感受， 位置和运动的感知，在运动中起着关键作用 协同 在上一个供资期间， 通过本体感觉的运动学被证明在 人类手肘 只有两个运动学变量，位置和速度， 不足以解释正常的人类本体感受 已经 确定位置被视为三个不同的变量，而不是 不止一种：静态位置和两种形式的动态位置（绝对位置 关节角度和相对角距离）。 人类可以感知 独立静态定位，两种形式的动态定位，以及 速度 这种感知的独立性导致了这样的假设， 静态位置，两种形式的动态位置和速度， 在本体感觉传入神经的放电中独立地表现。 在拟议的研究中，这一假设将通过比较 每个运动学变量对人体肌肉放电模式的感知 纺锤体传入纤维 对发射模式的分析将检验 假设肌梭代表所有四个运动学变量， 一部分是由人口的功能细分，一部分是由 每个传入的多个变量的表示。 细分 取决于背景放电的存在与否 拟议 研究有三个具体目标。具体目标1是研究 CNS感知静态位置，这两种类型的动态位置， 速度 人类受试者将执行一系列感知-运动任务 涉及手腕旋转以确定手腕本体感觉是否 包括手肘相同的四个运动学变量。具体目标2 是识别传入放电模式的特征， 表示四个运动学变量中的每一个。 肌肉反应 在手腕旋转期间记录纺锤体传入， 那些在知觉运动任务中使用的。 具体目标3是确定 每个运动学变量的表示被理解为 CNS。 肌腱振动将用于系统地扭曲 与每个运动学变量相关的传入放电模式。 拟议的实验涉及三种新的实验技术， 是在上一个供资期间开发的。 一个知觉运动任务 将使用的是独特的理解水平， 潜在的本体感受机制神经记录从行为 人类（显微神经造影术）将在前所未有的 运动波形的频谱。 将实施钢筋束振动 一个独特的设备，其中的频率，振幅和 可以精确地控制刺激力。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Proprioception, the perception of position and movement, plays a critical role in motor coordination. During the last funding period, the representation of movement kinematics by proprioception was shown to be complex in the human elbow. Just two kinematic variables, position and velocity, are inadequate to explain normal human proprioception. It has been determined that position is perceived as three distinct variables rather than one: static position, and two forms of dynamic position (absolute joint angle and relative angular distance). Humans can perceive independently static position, both forms of dynamic position, and velocity. This independence of perception leads to the hypothesis that static position, both forms of dynamic position, and velocity are independently represented in the discharge of proprioceptive afferents. In the proposed study, this hypothesis will be tested by comparing perception of each kinematic variable to firing patterns of human muscle spindle afferents. The analysis of firing patterns will test the hypothesis that muscle spindles represent all four kinematic variables, partly by a functional subdivision of the population, and partly by representation of multiple variables by each afferent. The subdivision is based on the presence or absence of background firing. The proposed study has three specific aims. Specific Aim 1 is to investigate how the CNS perceives static position, both types of dynamic position, and velocity. Human subjects will perform a series of perceptual-motor tasks involving wrist rotations to determine whether wrist proprioception includes the same four kinematic variables as the elbow. Specific Aim 2 is to identify features of afferent firing patterns that potentially represent each of the four kinematic variables. Responses of muscle spindle afferents will be recorded during wrist rotations identical to those used in the perceptual-motor tasks. Specific Aim 3 is to determine what representations of each kinematic variable are understood by the CNS. Tendon vibration will be used to distort systemically features of the afferent firing patterns associated with each kinematic variable. The proposed experiments involve three novel experimental techniques that were developed during the last funding period. A perceptual-motor task will be used that is unique in terms of the level of understanding of underlying proprioceptive mechanisms. Nerve recording from behaving humans (microneurography) will be carried out during an unprecedented spectrum of movement waveforms. Tendon vibration will be implemented with a unique piece of equipment in which the frequency, amplitude and force of stimulation can be precisely controlled.