MECHANISMS OF TIMING AND TEMPORAL COUPLING

拟议研究的指导原则是协调一致 行为依赖于专业化的综合运作 神经结构。这一领域的最初工作集中在假说上 小脑作为一个内部计时系统运行。更多 最近的心理学和神经学证据发现了其他 空间规划(皮质处理)和 时间耦合(皮质下未知部位)。建议数 实验提供了对过程的程序性检查 涉及时序和时间耦合的。具体目标是 三：第一组研究将进一步扩展我们的知识 使用一种新的划分可变性的方法的人类计时 与计时机制和变化性有关，它独立于 这样一种机制。第二组研究集中在时间上 耦合，探索一个多定时器模型，在该模型中，小脑 假设构成一个基于多个间隔的数组 计时机制，而不是单一的内部时钟或振荡器。 该模型的一个关键思想是，虽然计时反映了无处不在的 小脑功能的性质，脑内的精确回路 小脑在不同的任务中会有所不同。这是一个必然结果 假设独立的电路可能提供时间上的 执行多效应器移动时需要的表示 或者判断两个感知信号。这一假设可能已经 对最近的神经成像工作的重要启示表明 小脑在非运动任务中的作用。据推测，小脑 其中许多研究的激活可能反映了( 定时用于)多个响应。这项提议的第三个目标是 在两项神经成像研究中探索这一想法。作为一个整体， 拟议的研究应该为 协调行为的心理和神经机制。这 泛函分析是理解泛函 大脑中央皮质和皮质下结构之间的关系 神经系统。

A guiding principle of the proposed research is that coordinated behavior is dependent on the integrated operation of specialized neural structures. Initial work in this area focused on the hypothesis that the cerebellum operates as an internal timing system. More recent psychological and neurological evidence has identified other components such as spatia planning (cortical processing) and temporal coupling (unknown subcortical locus). The proposed experiments provide a programmatic examination of the processes involved in timing and temporal coupling. The specific goals are threefold: The first set of studies will further extend our knowledge of human timing using a new method for partitioning variability related to a timing mechanism and variability that is independent of such a mechanism. The second set of studies focus on temporal coupling, exploring a multiple timer model in which the cerebellum is hypothesized to constitute an array of multiple interval-based timing mechanisms, rather thana single internal clock or oscillator. A key idea in this model is that, while timing reflects a ubiquitous property of cerebellar function, the exact circuits within the cerebellum will vary from task to task. A corollary of this hypothesis is that independent circuits may provide the temporal representations required when performing multi-effector movements or judging two perceptual signals. This hypothesis may have important implications for recent neuroimaging work suggesting a cerebellar role in non-motor tasks. It is hypothesized that cerebellar activation in many of these studies may reflect the preparation of (the timing for) multiple responses. The third goal of this proposal is to explore this idea in two neuroimaging studies. As a whole, the proposed studies should provide important insights into the psychological and neural mechanisms of coordinated behavior. This functional analysis is essential for understanding the functional relationship between cortical and subcortical structures of the central nervous system.