Human Cerebellar Function in Multiple Task Domains

摘要 虽然众所周知，健康的衰老对感觉运动控制有有害影响，但衰老对 感觉运动适应仍然存在争议。我们将先前研究中出现的模棱两可的图景归因于两个 方法论问题。首先，传统的运动适应任务混淆了多个学习过程，并可能掩盖 老化对部件过程的影响，如隐式重定标或显式重定标。二、有限样本的使用 大小和倾向于将年龄视为一个二元变量(“年轻”和“年老”)使得精确地确定 衰老对寿命的影响。本R35研究附录的目标是通过使用新颖的 分离隐式重新校准(目标1)和显式重新瞄准(目标2)的分析任务，以更好地理解老化 影响每个学习过程。为了获得这些过程在整个成年期如何演变的详细特征，一个 我们将使用一种新的基于网络的众包方法来招募大样本，使我们能够将年龄视为一个连续的 变量(目标1和2)。建立在指定作为重新校准基础的组件操作的计算模型的基础上，并且 重新瞄准，我们将调查老化是如何从机械上影响每个过程的。此外，我们将比较自然和 通过平行实验测试小脑退行性变个体的病理老化。综上所述，本补编 不仅通过加深我们对自然和病理的机械理解来促进母体R35 小脑老化对感觉运动学习的影响，但也提供了有价值的开源规范数据，可能会 旨在改善小脑病变患者的临床结果并抵消有害因素的干预措施 衰老对运动控制的影响。

Abstract While it is well-known that healthy aging has deleterious effects on sensorimotor control, the impact of aging on sensorimotor adaptation remains controversial. We attribute the ambiguous picture that emerges from prior studies to two methodological issues. First, conventional motor adaptation tasks conflate multiple learning processes and may mask the effect of aging on component processes such as implicit recalibration or explicit re-aiming. Second, the use of limited sample sizes and tendency to treat age as a binary variable (“young” vs “old”) have made it difficult to precisely determine the impact of aging across the lifespan. The goal of this R35 research supplement addresses these issues by using novel analytical tasks that isolate implicit recalibration (Aim 1) and explicit re-aiming (Aim 2) to better understand how aging affects each learning process. To obtain a detailed characterization of how these processes evolve throughout adulthood, a large sample will be recruited using a novel web-based crowd-sourcing approach, allowing us to treat age as a continuous variable (Aim 1 & 2). Building on computational models that specify component operations underlying recalibration and re-aiming, we will investigate how aging mechanistically affects each process. In addition, we will compare natural and pathological aging by testing individuals with cerebellar degeneration in parallel experiments. In summary, this supplement will not only contribute to the parent R35 by deepening our mechanistic understanding of how natural and pathological aging of the cerebellum impact sensorimotor learning but also provide valuable open-source normative data that may inform interventions designed to improve clinical outcomes for individuals with cerebellar pathology and offset the deleterious effects of aging on motor control.