SMALL TOWN IDU NETWORKS AND HIV--TRANSITION DYNAMICS

小城镇和半农村地区的特点使其成为 以及调查网络的特点，积极的，不， 戒毒人员与吸毒人员关系网络结构 通过与毒品有关的（注射和性）风险传播艾滋病毒 行为 这个项目将使我们能够1）确定关系 吸毒者网络结构和艾滋病毒风险之间的关系，2）确定 结构和风险之间的关系，然后3）识别 艾滋病病毒的结构和风险之间的关系 传输 提议的项目既是一个独立的R 01， 两个地点的IRPG。 IPRG元素将允许我们1）比较小 城镇和城市在网络结构和风险方面的差异，2）探索 网络类型系统和风险，3）确定艾滋病毒的影响 网络结构上的积极和疾病，4）允许传输模型 5）使我们能够评估快速评估的方法， 艾滋病毒风险的网络结构。 汇集两个项目的数据将允许 我们还检查了艾滋病毒血清阳性率的两个不同点， 连续体 我们将同时进行跨文化和文化内的比较， 毒品和性行为（风险简介），以及 网络内的单路和多路关系（包括 中心性和连接组件）。 我们将描述和比较 在小城镇和城市文化群体中发现的毒品网络类型。 (This分析将基于先前描述的类型学， 弗拉格斯塔夫AZ的吸毒者网络。 我们将评估 已知艾滋病毒阳性者和艾滋病毒相关疾病的存在 改变了吸毒者网络的结构， 传输 这些数据将使我们能够估计 和种群内的分化混合，这可以用来 开发一个预测艾滋病传播的模型。 我们 假设1）吸毒者的网络结构将沿着 艾滋病毒流行谱。具体而言，艾滋病毒抗体阳性者成为 随着患病率的增加，网络更加集中; 2）网络稳定性 3）来自非洲的人， 考虑到在研究早期招募的网络， 4）在艾滋病毒中度流行地区，少数 受访者将提供有关网络结构的准确信息。 在 低流行率地区，需要更广泛的抽样，以及5） 吸毒网络的文化构成将是一个重要因素， 促进（或抑制）病毒传播。 具体而言，如果文化 网络的特征抑制与其他群体的互动， 传输的速度会降低。

The characteristics of small towns and semi-rural areas lend themselves well to investigations of the network characteristics of active, not-in- treatment drug users, and the relationship of drug user network structure to HIV transmission through drug related (injection and sexual) risk behavior. This project will allow us to 1) identify the relationships between drug user network structure and HIV risks, 2) identify the relationships between structure and risk over time, and then 3) identify the relationships between structure and risk over time in relation in HIV transmission. Thr proposed project is both a stand alone R01, and one half of a two site IRPG. The IPRG elements will allow us to 1) compare small town and urban differences in network structure and risk, 2) explore network typology systems and risk, 3) identify the effects of HIV positives and illness on network structure, 4) allow transmission model building, and 5) allow us to evaluate methods for the rapid assessment of network structure on HIV risk. Pooling data form both projects will allow us to also examine two different points of the HIV seroprevalence continuum. We will both cross-cultural and intracultural comparisons of the drug and sexual practices (risk profiles), and the proportions of uniplex and multiplex relationships within networks (including measures of centrality and connected components). We will describe and compare the drug network typologies found in small town and urban cultural groups. (This analysis will be based on typologies previously described among networks of drug users in Flagstaff AZ.) And we will assess the degree to which the presence of known HIV positive persons and HIV related illness changes the structure of drug user networks, and the potential for HIV transmission. The data will allow us to furnish estimates for assortative and disassortative mixing within the populations studied, which can be used to develop a predictive model for potential HIV transmission. We hypothesize that 1) the network structure of drug users will vary along the HIV-prevalence spectrum.. Specifically, HIV-positive persons become more central in networks as prevalence increases; 2) network stability represents a barrier to the spread of HIV-infection 3) Persons from a given network recruited early in the study are likely to be more central in their network; 4) In an area of moderate HIV-prevalence, a small number of respondents will provide accurate information about network structure. In areas of low prevalence, more extensive sampling is required, and 5) The cultural composition of a drug-using network will be an important factor in facilitating (or inhibiting) viral transmission. Specifically, if cultural features of a network inhibit interaction with other groups, the likelihood of transmission is diminished.